Graphene oxide loaded with protocatechuic acid and chlorogenic acid dual drug nanodelivery system for human hepatocellular carcinoma therapeutic application
Hepatocellular carcinoma or hepatoma is a primary malignant neoplasm that responsible for 75–90% of all liver cancer in humans. Nanotechnology introduced the dual drug nanodelivery method as one of the initiatives in nanomedicine for cancer therapy. Graphene oxide (GO) loaded with protocatechuic aci...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
2021
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| Online Access: | http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/97473/1/ABSTRACT.pdf |
| _version_ | 1796983401158279168 |
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| author | Buskaran, Kalaivani Hussein, Mohd Zobir Mohd Moklas, Mohamad Aris Masarudin, Mas Jaffri Fakurazi, Sharida |
| author_facet | Buskaran, Kalaivani Hussein, Mohd Zobir Mohd Moklas, Mohamad Aris Masarudin, Mas Jaffri Fakurazi, Sharida |
| author_sort | Buskaran, Kalaivani |
| collection | UPM |
| description | Hepatocellular carcinoma or hepatoma is a primary malignant neoplasm that responsible for 75–90% of all liver cancer in humans. Nanotechnology introduced the dual drug nanodelivery method as one of the initiatives in nanomedicine for cancer therapy. Graphene oxide (GO) loaded with protocatechuic acid (PCA) and chlorogenic acid (CA) have shown some anticancer activities in both passive and active targeting. The physicochemical characterizations for nanocomposites were conducted. Cell cytotoxicity assay and lactate dehydrogenase were conducted to estimate cell cytotoxicity and the severity of cell damage. Next, nanocomposite intracellular drug uptake was analyzed using a transmission electron microscope. The accumulation and localization of fluorescent-labelled nanocomposite in the human hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2) cells were analyzed using a fluorescent microscope. Subsequently, Annexin V- fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)/propidium iodide analysis showed that nanocomposites induced late apoptosis in HepG2 cells. Cell cycle arrest was ascertained at the G2/M phase. There was the depolarization of mitochondrial membrane potential and an upregulation of reactive oxygen species when HepG2 cells were induced by nanocomposites. In conclusion, HepG2 cells treated with a graphene oxide–polyethylene glycol (GOP)–PCA/CA–FA dual drug nanocomposite exhibited significant anticancer activities with less toxicity compared to pristine protocatechuic acid, chlorogenic acid and GOP–PCA/CA nanocomposite, may be due to the utilization of a folic acid-targeting nanodrug delivery system. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-06T11:06:01Z |
| format | Article |
| id | upm.eprints-97473 |
| institution | Universiti Putra Malaysia |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-06T11:06:01Z |
| publishDate | 2021 |
| publisher | Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute |
| record_format | dspace |
| spelling | upm.eprints-974732022-07-27T06:32:30Z http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/97473/ Graphene oxide loaded with protocatechuic acid and chlorogenic acid dual drug nanodelivery system for human hepatocellular carcinoma therapeutic application Buskaran, Kalaivani Hussein, Mohd Zobir Mohd Moklas, Mohamad Aris Masarudin, Mas Jaffri Fakurazi, Sharida Hepatocellular carcinoma or hepatoma is a primary malignant neoplasm that responsible for 75–90% of all liver cancer in humans. Nanotechnology introduced the dual drug nanodelivery method as one of the initiatives in nanomedicine for cancer therapy. Graphene oxide (GO) loaded with protocatechuic acid (PCA) and chlorogenic acid (CA) have shown some anticancer activities in both passive and active targeting. The physicochemical characterizations for nanocomposites were conducted. Cell cytotoxicity assay and lactate dehydrogenase were conducted to estimate cell cytotoxicity and the severity of cell damage. Next, nanocomposite intracellular drug uptake was analyzed using a transmission electron microscope. The accumulation and localization of fluorescent-labelled nanocomposite in the human hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2) cells were analyzed using a fluorescent microscope. Subsequently, Annexin V- fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)/propidium iodide analysis showed that nanocomposites induced late apoptosis in HepG2 cells. Cell cycle arrest was ascertained at the G2/M phase. There was the depolarization of mitochondrial membrane potential and an upregulation of reactive oxygen species when HepG2 cells were induced by nanocomposites. In conclusion, HepG2 cells treated with a graphene oxide–polyethylene glycol (GOP)–PCA/CA–FA dual drug nanocomposite exhibited significant anticancer activities with less toxicity compared to pristine protocatechuic acid, chlorogenic acid and GOP–PCA/CA nanocomposite, may be due to the utilization of a folic acid-targeting nanodrug delivery system. Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute 2021 Article PeerReviewed text en http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/97473/1/ABSTRACT.pdf Buskaran, Kalaivani and Hussein, Mohd Zobir and Mohd Moklas, Mohamad Aris and Masarudin, Mas Jaffri and Fakurazi, Sharida (2021) Graphene oxide loaded with protocatechuic acid and chlorogenic acid dual drug nanodelivery system for human hepatocellular carcinoma therapeutic application. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 22 (11). art. no. 5786. pp. 1-20. ISSN 1422-0067 https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/22/11/5786 10.3390/ijms22115786 |
| spellingShingle | Buskaran, Kalaivani Hussein, Mohd Zobir Mohd Moklas, Mohamad Aris Masarudin, Mas Jaffri Fakurazi, Sharida Graphene oxide loaded with protocatechuic acid and chlorogenic acid dual drug nanodelivery system for human hepatocellular carcinoma therapeutic application |
| title | Graphene oxide loaded with protocatechuic acid and chlorogenic acid dual drug nanodelivery system for human hepatocellular carcinoma therapeutic application |
| title_full | Graphene oxide loaded with protocatechuic acid and chlorogenic acid dual drug nanodelivery system for human hepatocellular carcinoma therapeutic application |
| title_fullStr | Graphene oxide loaded with protocatechuic acid and chlorogenic acid dual drug nanodelivery system for human hepatocellular carcinoma therapeutic application |
| title_full_unstemmed | Graphene oxide loaded with protocatechuic acid and chlorogenic acid dual drug nanodelivery system for human hepatocellular carcinoma therapeutic application |
| title_short | Graphene oxide loaded with protocatechuic acid and chlorogenic acid dual drug nanodelivery system for human hepatocellular carcinoma therapeutic application |
| title_sort | graphene oxide loaded with protocatechuic acid and chlorogenic acid dual drug nanodelivery system for human hepatocellular carcinoma therapeutic application |
| url | http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/97473/1/ABSTRACT.pdf |
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