| Summary: | This research focuses on the graphical password authentication, which
combines image and emojis by implementing the use of multi-touch gesture that
could provide an alternative to a textual password. The assumption of emojis is
easier to remember and more secure has motivated the researchers to enhance
existing graphical password authentication scheme. Nevertheless, several
usability problems have been identified: (i) There is usually a lack of efficient
methods in single-factor authentication to execute both usable and secure
characteristics; (ii) The current approaches in graphical password authentication
rarely combine image and emojis. The methodology used was the User-
Centered Design approach, where the process starts with the understanding of
needs, design, prototyping and assessment via a usability test. In this research,
there are three fundamental studies, which included the preliminary study, the
study of effects on grid-based two-factor authentication method and the study of
single touch and multi-touch gestures for the application of graphical password
authentication. The preliminary study examined user attitudes towards the
usability and security of single-factor and two-factor methods for authentication
in the context of graphical password application. The grid-based two-factor
authentication study introduces recognition-based graphical methods that use
emojis to resist several common threats to security without sacrificing the
usability of the graphical password. Grid-based scheme enhanced the
effectiveness of the graphical password with the success rate of 79%. The
outcome of the single touch and multi-touch gesture study on graphical
password authentication application has shown that the multi-touch gesture
enhanced the user experience. The study on multi-touch gesture showed
positive results, including increased success rates, and reduced completion
times had been positively affected. This study provides the results that can be
used to determine the technique of authentication that users prefer based on
data collected during the preliminary study. This study also contributes to
improved graphical password authentication, which can solve problems identified in studies, the picture superiority effect (P.S.E) in images and emojis.
Furthermore, this research examines the impact of click and multi-touch
gestures on the authentication of the graphical password. The results could be
helpful for researchers or mobile developers interested in building a system that
will advantage the research on picture and emojis using a graphical password
authentication scheme. In future work, a comprehensive guideline for the
development and verification of images and emojis, including a long-term
assessment of these practices, should be included. The security of the prototype
must also be examined closely and how attackers can take advantage of the
emergence of hotspots. Overall, this study has introduced recognition-based
graphical password methods that use emojis to resist several common threats
to security without sacrificing the usability of the graphical password.
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