Analysis Of Palm Oil Waste After Pretreatment Using Environmental Recycling System (Ers) For The Potential Application As Animal Feed
The environmental impacts of palm oil mill effluent (POME) have been a concern due to the water pollution and greenhouse gases (GHG) emission. POME is usually released into open-air ponds for remediation, which required longer hydraulic retention time (HRT) and resulting in GHG emissions. Moreove...
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| Format: | Monograph |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Pusat Pengajian Teknologi Industri
2020
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| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://eprints.usm.my/46949/1/ANALYSIS%20OF%20PALM%20OIL%20WASTE%20AFTER%20%28ABSTRACT%29.pdf |
| _version_ | 1825905652607746048 |
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| author | Farizatul Husna Mohd Noor, Nur |
| author_facet | Farizatul Husna Mohd Noor, Nur |
| author_sort | Farizatul Husna Mohd Noor, Nur |
| collection | USM |
| description | The environmental impacts of palm oil mill effluent (POME) have been a concern due to the water
pollution and greenhouse gases (GHG) emission. POME is usually released into open-air ponds for
remediation, which required longer hydraulic retention time (HRT) and resulting in GHG emissions.
Moreover, the abundant of empty fruit bunch (EFB) has been produced and yet has no specific used in
large quantity and disposed by incineration method. Thus, this study was conducted to simultaneously
treat POME and EFB via Environmental Recycling System (ERS) to convert into value-added product
such as animal feed. ERS is an novel innovative method in order to minimize the POME and EFB
waste. There are four ratios of POME:EFB is being studied including 3:7, 5:5, 7:3, and 20:1. Upon
ERS treatment, all samples ratio is formed into pellet with diameter of 6-8 mm. The samples, before
and after the ERS treatment were analysed and compared with commercially available animal feed.
Proximate analysis indicated that samples are energy rich source of food due to high content of fats.
The sample with ratio 3:7 shows the low percentage of ash (10.946 ± 0.289 %) and high percentage of
crude fat (6.531 ± 1.018 %) and protein (3.656 ± 0.265 %) content which is preferable for ruminant
animal feeds such as cow and goat. Moreover, the, addition of other supplement such as inclusion of
soybean also necessary in order to boost protein amount in sample. In other hands, HPLC analysis
showed that the composition of sugar present in the samples are predominantly glucose, fructose and
sucrose. POME showed highest concentration of glucose after ERS treatment. In addition, elemental
analysis was performed by using XRF method. The highest minerals present in POME is potassium
followed by chlorine, and trace amount of iron is detected only in EFB after ERS treatment. Overall,
POME and EFB can be considered as a good source to develop potential animal feed. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-06T15:37:39Z |
| format | Monograph |
| id | usm.eprints-46949 |
| institution | Universiti Sains Malaysia |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-06T15:37:39Z |
| publishDate | 2020 |
| publisher | Pusat Pengajian Teknologi Industri |
| record_format | dspace |
| spelling | usm.eprints-469492020-08-27T01:44:44Z http://eprints.usm.my/46949/ Analysis Of Palm Oil Waste After Pretreatment Using Environmental Recycling System (Ers) For The Potential Application As Animal Feed Farizatul Husna Mohd Noor, Nur T1-995 Technology(General) The environmental impacts of palm oil mill effluent (POME) have been a concern due to the water pollution and greenhouse gases (GHG) emission. POME is usually released into open-air ponds for remediation, which required longer hydraulic retention time (HRT) and resulting in GHG emissions. Moreover, the abundant of empty fruit bunch (EFB) has been produced and yet has no specific used in large quantity and disposed by incineration method. Thus, this study was conducted to simultaneously treat POME and EFB via Environmental Recycling System (ERS) to convert into value-added product such as animal feed. ERS is an novel innovative method in order to minimize the POME and EFB waste. There are four ratios of POME:EFB is being studied including 3:7, 5:5, 7:3, and 20:1. Upon ERS treatment, all samples ratio is formed into pellet with diameter of 6-8 mm. The samples, before and after the ERS treatment were analysed and compared with commercially available animal feed. Proximate analysis indicated that samples are energy rich source of food due to high content of fats. The sample with ratio 3:7 shows the low percentage of ash (10.946 ± 0.289 %) and high percentage of crude fat (6.531 ± 1.018 %) and protein (3.656 ± 0.265 %) content which is preferable for ruminant animal feeds such as cow and goat. Moreover, the, addition of other supplement such as inclusion of soybean also necessary in order to boost protein amount in sample. In other hands, HPLC analysis showed that the composition of sugar present in the samples are predominantly glucose, fructose and sucrose. POME showed highest concentration of glucose after ERS treatment. In addition, elemental analysis was performed by using XRF method. The highest minerals present in POME is potassium followed by chlorine, and trace amount of iron is detected only in EFB after ERS treatment. Overall, POME and EFB can be considered as a good source to develop potential animal feed. Pusat Pengajian Teknologi Industri 2020-06 Monograph NonPeerReviewed application/pdf en http://eprints.usm.my/46949/1/ANALYSIS%20OF%20PALM%20OIL%20WASTE%20AFTER%20%28ABSTRACT%29.pdf Farizatul Husna Mohd Noor, Nur (2020) Analysis Of Palm Oil Waste After Pretreatment Using Environmental Recycling System (Ers) For The Potential Application As Animal Feed. Project Report. Pusat Pengajian Teknologi Industri. (Submitted) http://ethesis.usm.my:8080/jspui/ |
| spellingShingle | T1-995 Technology(General) Farizatul Husna Mohd Noor, Nur Analysis Of Palm Oil Waste After Pretreatment Using Environmental Recycling System (Ers) For The Potential Application As Animal Feed |
| title | Analysis Of Palm Oil Waste After
Pretreatment Using Environmental
Recycling System (Ers) For The Potential
Application As Animal Feed |
| title_full | Analysis Of Palm Oil Waste After
Pretreatment Using Environmental
Recycling System (Ers) For The Potential
Application As Animal Feed |
| title_fullStr | Analysis Of Palm Oil Waste After
Pretreatment Using Environmental
Recycling System (Ers) For The Potential
Application As Animal Feed |
| title_full_unstemmed | Analysis Of Palm Oil Waste After
Pretreatment Using Environmental
Recycling System (Ers) For The Potential
Application As Animal Feed |
| title_short | Analysis Of Palm Oil Waste After
Pretreatment Using Environmental
Recycling System (Ers) For The Potential
Application As Animal Feed |
| title_sort | analysis of palm oil waste after pretreatment using environmental recycling system ers for the potential application as animal feed |
| topic | T1-995 Technology(General) |
| url | http://eprints.usm.my/46949/1/ANALYSIS%20OF%20PALM%20OIL%20WASTE%20AFTER%20%28ABSTRACT%29.pdf |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT farizatulhusnamohdnoornur analysisofpalmoilwasteafterpretreatmentusingenvironmentalrecyclingsystemersforthepotentialapplicationasanimalfeed |