| Summary: | Background: Keloid scars are complex dermal condition with genetic and environmental
contributing factors. TGF(3 and SMAD candidate genes, which are located in the same
signaling pathway, are highly expressed in the keloid fibroblast cells. To date, only few
documented reports showing relationship between TGF(31 and keloid in Caucasian
population but none on SMAD4.
Purpose: The contributions of TGF(31 and SMAD4 in the keloid formation of Malay population
were studies.
Subjects and Methodology: The DNAs were extracted from the blood samples of 1 00 Malay
patients with keloids with another 100 healthy individuals without keloids as controls. The
DNAs were analyzed via Polymerase Chain Reaction and single-nucleotide polymorphism
genotyping.
Results: TGF(31 halotypes showed a strong association with the risk of keloid formation. The
CC halotypes of TGF(31, composed of both c.29C>T and -509T>C variants, showed higher
frequency among keloid patients compared with the controls (11% versus 2.7%, corrected
p=0.037), showing 4.5-fold increased risk for keloid formation. The c.5131A>G variant of
SMAD4 revealed a statistically significant trend (p=0.0573). Taken together, either of these
variants is the most probable causative factor at the expression level or is in linkage
disequilibrium with other causative variants in a complex pattern with the environmental
factors, contributing to keloid formation.
Conclusion: This is the first study documenting strong positive association between TGF(31
and SMAD4 variants and keloid formation in the Malay population.
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