| Summary: | Water contamination has become a severe problem as a result of the discharge of industrial wastewater containing heavy metals. To support the pollutant adsorption approach, a low-cost adsorbent is necessary. The research's major goal is to improve the preparation and adsorption conditions of activated carbon made from low-cost raw materials. Microwave heating activation of mangrove-based activated carbon is cost-effective since mangrove is abundant in Malaysia, and microwave heating takes less time and uses less electricity. At 616 W and 2 minutes under nitrogen flow, the best activated carbon was produced. With 99.67 percent activated carbon yield and 77.256 percent copper (II) ions elimination, the optimal KOH: Char ratio was found to be at an IR of 0.75. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, nitrogen adsorption/desorption isotherm, and elemental analysis were used to analyze the AC. Apart from optimization, the adsorption process employing the mangrove adsorbent was investigated under different situations. The adsorption reached equilibrium after 3 hours at 10ppm and 60°C, according to the experimental data. The multilayer and heterogeneous nature of adsorption is explained by Freundlich isotherm models with R2 values of 0.9995 and 1/n less than one. The maximum adsorption capacity of mangrove-based activated carbon measured using the Langmuir Isotherm was 33.557 mg/g, demonstrating its promise as an adsorbent. Furthermore, with an R2 value of 0.9997, the data was successfully fitted to pseudo-second-order kinetics models. Finally, the thermodynamic analysis revealed that the adsorption investigated is an endothermic process, with spontaneous adsorption at 50 and 60 degrees Celsius.
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