| Summary: | Fluoride is commonly found in water and wastewater. Fluoride would not cause any
bad impact to human and other life nature, up to certain amount only and for some
higher amount or more than 1.0 mg/l, fluoride is no more as a requirement. From
some studies, the permissible limits of fluoride for both humans and animals
requirement was found to be very low. Therefore, the needs of studies to search for
the best adsorbent, as an agent to remove high amount of fluoride is important. Most
of the previous studies shown that adsorption is the best way to remove fluoride
almost up to 95 % effectiveness and found that batch adsorption seems to be the
favourite method to be used. This project is highlighted on oil palm waste such as
fibre, sawdust, shell and ash as suitable and potential, yet economical materials for the
purpose of fluoride removal. This project also used batch adsorption and all adsorbent
were treated with acid. This study found that ash is the most effective adsorbent to
remove fluoride at pH 2 and the experiment were carried out for about 240 minutes
agitation time. Three main models suits with the isotherms generation are Freundlich
model, BET model and Langmuir model. The present study found that Langmuir
Isotherm followed the Fluoride adsorption effectively and the Langmuir was chosen
due to the highest value of R2. The efficiency of removal achieved by ash as the
adsorbent is about 92.5 %.
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