| Summary: | Visual management systems have long been successful tools for lean management in various industries. However, as technology advances in Industry 4.0, the non-interactive nature of traditional visual management systems has
become less attractive, leading to the need for digital visual management systems (DVMS). This paper presents an exploratory study of retrofitting DVMS that follows a user-centred design (UCD) approach to Autokeen's production floor, which can be applied to other manufacturing companies. The UCD approach included a unique visual element in the initial design stage: emoji as the primary
visual element. The process was iterative, consisting of three phases: initial, prototype, and implementation, with usability evaluations conducted at each stage. During the initial stage, the researcher collected the user requirements through surveys and observations and creatively incorporated the emoji features into the DVMS user interfaces (UIs) design. The researcher conducted a heuristic evaluation and informal interviews in the second stage to improve the DVMS's
UIs design. In the final step, the researcher employed a user-based testing method to test task completion rates on the DVMS user interface's final version, followed by a Post-Study System Usability Questionnaire (PSSUQ). The results of the
PSSUQ indicated a total user satisfaction score of 2.24 out of a 7-point Likert scale. The findings suggest that a UCD approach, followed by a usability evaluation of each phase, can lead to implementing a user-friendly DVMS that
meets the requirements of the manufacturing industry.
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