| Summary: | Oil industries are one of the most critical industries with substantial
production and closely related to the public interest. Two major oil industries,
namely petroleum and palm oil, represent primary sources of consumer groups in
Malaysia. However, these sectors inevitably generate waste and require disposal
systems. Massive amounts of petroleum sludge generated from the refinery process,
possess toxic contaminants requiring careful disposal. Similarly, palm oil production
generates a hefty amount of by-products from its extraction process. Encapsulating
these wastes in a cementitious medium is considered a more feasible solution than
converting them for landfilling. Therefore, this study aims to utilize two wastes from
palm oil and petroleum industries as binder materials in a geopolymer framework.
To achieve this, palm oil clinker and petroleum sludge as the by-products from
those respective industries, were subjected to mechanical grinding and incineration
processes to improve their reactivity. Palm oil clinker powder (POCP) was included
in the geopolymer mixture to replace 2.00–10.00% of fly ash as the source material.
After obtaining the optimum POCP replacement, 0.20–1.00% of petroleum
sludge ash (PSA) to be included in the geopolymer mortar to assess its impact
on geopolymerization. Compressive strength was evaluated on 7, 28, and 90 days
to determine the optimum proportion of fly ash, palm oil clinker, and petroleum
sludge ash in geopolymer, particularly the proportion that carries the least negative
effect onto the compressive strength performance. Based on the results, the
ratio of 91.30% fly ash, 7.60% POCP and 1.10% PSA provided the most significant
strength improvement among its peers. The encapsulation task of petroleum sludge
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