| Summary: | Biolubricants have attracted attention in today’s market as a new alternative
to commercial lubricants due to their environmentally friendly and renewable
properties. The refinement of bio-lubricants has improved their tribological and physical
properties. However, to optimize the performance of lubricants when machined
under high-temperature conditions, additives must be added to the lubricant. In this
study, the tribological properties of modified Calophyllum inophyllum (MTO) oil
combined with nano-activated carbon (NAC) as additives were investigated using
the four-ball wear test method. This bio-lubricant consists of modified Calophyllum
inophyllum oil in combination with NAC at concentrations of 0.01, 0.025, and 0.05
wt%. The coefficient of friction for the balls and their wear diameter are evaluated
and compared. The kinematic viscosity and viscosity index of MTO were tested
according to ASTM standards. The results show that a lubricant with added NAC
is more effective in reducing wear and friction than a bio-lubricant without nanoactivated
carbon. The bio-lubricant combined with NAC reduced the wear diameter
of the lubricated balls compared to the bio-lubricant without additives. The nanoadditives
have converted the sliding effect into a ball-bearing effect between the
interfaces of the balls, creating a better oil protective film that helps form a gap
between the mating surfaces during tribological testing
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