Two-level factorial design of the pre-processing activities of polyamide 12 powder in selective laser sintering three-dimensional printing process
Powder exposure during selective laser sintering (SLS) three-dimensional (3D) printing process is detrimental to the health of workers in the indoor workspace and those in surrounding areas. To date, there is a paucity of studies concerning the factors involved in the SLS 3D printing process that...
| Main Authors: | , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
2020
|
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://eprints.uthm.edu.my/1753/1/J12109_5528fff65c4241b8437dc4ca4cef1b48.pdf |
| _version_ | 1796868521370583040 |
|---|---|
| author | Muhamad Damanhuri, Amir Abdullah Hariri, Azian Ab Ghani, Sharin Md Fauadi, Muhammad Hafidz Fazli Hussin, Mohamed Saiful Firdaus |
| author_facet | Muhamad Damanhuri, Amir Abdullah Hariri, Azian Ab Ghani, Sharin Md Fauadi, Muhammad Hafidz Fazli Hussin, Mohamed Saiful Firdaus |
| author_sort | Muhamad Damanhuri, Amir Abdullah |
| collection | UTHM |
| description | Powder exposure during selective laser sintering (SLS) three-dimensional (3D) printing process is
detrimental to the health of workers in the indoor workspace and those in surrounding areas. To date, there is a
paucity of studies concerning the factors involved in the SLS 3D printing process that have a significant effect on
the indoor air concentrations. Hence, in this study, two-level factorial design was conducted to identify the factors
that have a significant effect on the indoor air concentrations (particulate matter with a diameter less than 2.5 and
10.0 μm (PM2.5 and PM10), ultrafine particles (UFP), and total volatile organic compounds (TVOC)) during pre -
processing activities of the SLS 3D printing process. The exposure during handling of polyamide 12 (PA12) was
simulated in a 24-m2 SLS 3D printing chamber. The following factors were investigated: (1) Factor A (air velocity
(fan speed of the split air conditioner), (2) Factor B (refresh rate (the use of recycled PA12 powder), (3) Factor C
(collecting powder from the mixing machine), (4) Factor D (transferring powder to the SLS 3D printing machine),
and (5) Factor E (pouring powder into the feeder chamber). The sampling methods were conducted according to the
Industry Code of Practice on Indoor Air Quality, Department of Occupational Safety and Health, Malaysia. Based
on the analysis of variance results, Factor B was the most significant factor that contributed to the PM2.5, PM10,
UFP, and TVOC concentrations during the pre-processing activities of the SLS 3D printing process. In conclusion,
proper handling and the use of an automated vacuum conveying technology for the pre-processing activities will
help prevent the spreading of gaseous and aerosol particles to other areas within vicinity of the SLS 3D printing
process. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-05T21:41:01Z |
| format | Article |
| id | uthm.eprints-1753 |
| institution | Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-05T21:41:01Z |
| publishDate | 2020 |
| record_format | dspace |
| spelling | uthm.eprints-17532021-10-17T07:40:23Z http://eprints.uthm.edu.my/1753/ Two-level factorial design of the pre-processing activities of polyamide 12 powder in selective laser sintering three-dimensional printing process Muhamad Damanhuri, Amir Abdullah Hariri, Azian Ab Ghani, Sharin Md Fauadi, Muhammad Hafidz Fazli Hussin, Mohamed Saiful Firdaus TS155-194 Production management. Operations management Powder exposure during selective laser sintering (SLS) three-dimensional (3D) printing process is detrimental to the health of workers in the indoor workspace and those in surrounding areas. To date, there is a paucity of studies concerning the factors involved in the SLS 3D printing process that have a significant effect on the indoor air concentrations. Hence, in this study, two-level factorial design was conducted to identify the factors that have a significant effect on the indoor air concentrations (particulate matter with a diameter less than 2.5 and 10.0 μm (PM2.5 and PM10), ultrafine particles (UFP), and total volatile organic compounds (TVOC)) during pre - processing activities of the SLS 3D printing process. The exposure during handling of polyamide 12 (PA12) was simulated in a 24-m2 SLS 3D printing chamber. The following factors were investigated: (1) Factor A (air velocity (fan speed of the split air conditioner), (2) Factor B (refresh rate (the use of recycled PA12 powder), (3) Factor C (collecting powder from the mixing machine), (4) Factor D (transferring powder to the SLS 3D printing machine), and (5) Factor E (pouring powder into the feeder chamber). The sampling methods were conducted according to the Industry Code of Practice on Indoor Air Quality, Department of Occupational Safety and Health, Malaysia. Based on the analysis of variance results, Factor B was the most significant factor that contributed to the PM2.5, PM10, UFP, and TVOC concentrations during the pre-processing activities of the SLS 3D printing process. In conclusion, proper handling and the use of an automated vacuum conveying technology for the pre-processing activities will help prevent the spreading of gaseous and aerosol particles to other areas within vicinity of the SLS 3D printing process. 2020 Article PeerReviewed text en http://eprints.uthm.edu.my/1753/1/J12109_5528fff65c4241b8437dc4ca4cef1b48.pdf Muhamad Damanhuri, Amir Abdullah and Hariri, Azian and Ab Ghani, Sharin and Md Fauadi, Muhammad Hafidz Fazli and Hussin, Mohamed Saiful Firdaus (2020) Two-level factorial design of the pre-processing activities of polyamide 12 powder in selective laser sintering three-dimensional printing process. Jour of Adv Research in Dynamical & Control Systems, 12 (8). pp. 1167-1177. ISSN 1943-023X https://doi.org/10.5373/JARDCS/V12SP8/20202631 |
| spellingShingle | TS155-194 Production management. Operations management Muhamad Damanhuri, Amir Abdullah Hariri, Azian Ab Ghani, Sharin Md Fauadi, Muhammad Hafidz Fazli Hussin, Mohamed Saiful Firdaus Two-level factorial design of the pre-processing activities of polyamide 12 powder in selective laser sintering three-dimensional printing process |
| title | Two-level factorial design of the
pre-processing activities of polyamide 12
powder in selective laser sintering
three-dimensional printing process |
| title_full | Two-level factorial design of the
pre-processing activities of polyamide 12
powder in selective laser sintering
three-dimensional printing process |
| title_fullStr | Two-level factorial design of the
pre-processing activities of polyamide 12
powder in selective laser sintering
three-dimensional printing process |
| title_full_unstemmed | Two-level factorial design of the
pre-processing activities of polyamide 12
powder in selective laser sintering
three-dimensional printing process |
| title_short | Two-level factorial design of the
pre-processing activities of polyamide 12
powder in selective laser sintering
three-dimensional printing process |
| title_sort | two level factorial design of the pre processing activities of polyamide 12 powder in selective laser sintering three dimensional printing process |
| topic | TS155-194 Production management. Operations management |
| url | http://eprints.uthm.edu.my/1753/1/J12109_5528fff65c4241b8437dc4ca4cef1b48.pdf |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT muhamaddamanhuriamirabdullah twolevelfactorialdesignofthepreprocessingactivitiesofpolyamide12powderinselectivelasersinteringthreedimensionalprintingprocess AT haririazian twolevelfactorialdesignofthepreprocessingactivitiesofpolyamide12powderinselectivelasersinteringthreedimensionalprintingprocess AT abghanisharin twolevelfactorialdesignofthepreprocessingactivitiesofpolyamide12powderinselectivelasersinteringthreedimensionalprintingprocess AT mdfauadimuhammadhafidzfazli twolevelfactorialdesignofthepreprocessingactivitiesofpolyamide12powderinselectivelasersinteringthreedimensionalprintingprocess AT hussinmohamedsaifulfirdaus twolevelfactorialdesignofthepreprocessingactivitiesofpolyamide12powderinselectivelasersinteringthreedimensionalprintingprocess |