Unfermented Freeze-Dried Leaf Extract of Tongkat Ali (Eurycoma longifolia Jack.) Induced Cytotoxicity and Apoptosis in MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 Breast Cancer Cell Lines
possible anticancer mechanism of action against breast cancer cell lines: non-hormone-dependent MDA-MB-231 and hormonedependent MCF-7. -e leaves of E. longifolia were processed into unfermented and fermented batches before drying using freeze and microwave-oven drying techniques. Obtained extracts...
| Main Authors: | , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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2021
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| Online Access: | http://eprints.uthm.edu.my/1800/1/J12050_40f2b034231307a74af4dab99b1695d6.pdf |
| _version_ | 1796868528673914880 |
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| author | Moses, Lusia Barek Abu Bakar, Mohd Fadzelly Mamat, Hasmadi Abdul Aziz, Zaleha |
| author_facet | Moses, Lusia Barek Abu Bakar, Mohd Fadzelly Mamat, Hasmadi Abdul Aziz, Zaleha |
| author_sort | Moses, Lusia Barek |
| collection | UTHM |
| description | possible anticancer mechanism of action against breast cancer cell lines: non-hormone-dependent MDA-MB-231 and hormonedependent
MCF-7. -e leaves of E. longifolia were processed into unfermented and fermented batches before drying using freeze
and microwave-oven drying techniques. Obtained extracts were tested for cytotoxicity effect using MTT assay and phenolic
determination using HPLC-DAD technique. -e most toxic sample was analyzed for its apoptotic cell quantification, cell cycle
distribution, and the expression of caspases and apoptotic protein using flow cytometry technique. Fragmentation of DNA was
tested using an agarose gel electrophoresis system. -e results determined that the unfermented freeze-dried leaf extract was the
most toxic towards MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 cells, in a dose-dependent manner. -is extract contains the highest phenolics of
gallic acid, chlorogenic acid, ECG, and EGCG. -e DNA fragmentation was observed in both cell lines, where cell cycle was
arrested at the G2/M phase in MCF-7 cells and S phase in MDA-MB-231 cells. -e number of apoptotic cells for MDA-MB-231
was increased when the treatment was prolonged from 24 h to 48 h but slightly decreased at 72 h, whereas apoptosis in MCF-7 cells
occurred in a time-dependent manner. -ere were significant activities of cytochrome c, caspase-3, Bax, and Bcl-2 apoptotic
protein in MDA-MB-231 cells, whereas MCF-7 cells showed significant activities for caspase-8, cytochrome c, Bax, p53, and Bcl-2
apoptotic protein. -ese results indicate the ability of unfermented freeze-dried leaf extract of E. longifolia to induce apoptosis cell
death on MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7, as well as real evidence on sample preparation effect towards its cytotoxicity level. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-05T21:41:07Z |
| format | Article |
| id | uthm.eprints-1800 |
| institution | Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-05T21:41:07Z |
| publishDate | 2021 |
| record_format | dspace |
| spelling | uthm.eprints-18002021-10-18T03:02:02Z http://eprints.uthm.edu.my/1800/ Unfermented Freeze-Dried Leaf Extract of Tongkat Ali (Eurycoma longifolia Jack.) Induced Cytotoxicity and Apoptosis in MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 Breast Cancer Cell Lines Moses, Lusia Barek Abu Bakar, Mohd Fadzelly Mamat, Hasmadi Abdul Aziz, Zaleha R Medicine (General) possible anticancer mechanism of action against breast cancer cell lines: non-hormone-dependent MDA-MB-231 and hormonedependent MCF-7. -e leaves of E. longifolia were processed into unfermented and fermented batches before drying using freeze and microwave-oven drying techniques. Obtained extracts were tested for cytotoxicity effect using MTT assay and phenolic determination using HPLC-DAD technique. -e most toxic sample was analyzed for its apoptotic cell quantification, cell cycle distribution, and the expression of caspases and apoptotic protein using flow cytometry technique. Fragmentation of DNA was tested using an agarose gel electrophoresis system. -e results determined that the unfermented freeze-dried leaf extract was the most toxic towards MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 cells, in a dose-dependent manner. -is extract contains the highest phenolics of gallic acid, chlorogenic acid, ECG, and EGCG. -e DNA fragmentation was observed in both cell lines, where cell cycle was arrested at the G2/M phase in MCF-7 cells and S phase in MDA-MB-231 cells. -e number of apoptotic cells for MDA-MB-231 was increased when the treatment was prolonged from 24 h to 48 h but slightly decreased at 72 h, whereas apoptosis in MCF-7 cells occurred in a time-dependent manner. -ere were significant activities of cytochrome c, caspase-3, Bax, and Bcl-2 apoptotic protein in MDA-MB-231 cells, whereas MCF-7 cells showed significant activities for caspase-8, cytochrome c, Bax, p53, and Bcl-2 apoptotic protein. -ese results indicate the ability of unfermented freeze-dried leaf extract of E. longifolia to induce apoptosis cell death on MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7, as well as real evidence on sample preparation effect towards its cytotoxicity level. 2021 Article PeerReviewed text en http://eprints.uthm.edu.my/1800/1/J12050_40f2b034231307a74af4dab99b1695d6.pdf Moses, Lusia Barek and Abu Bakar, Mohd Fadzelly and Mamat, Hasmadi and Abdul Aziz, Zaleha (2021) Unfermented Freeze-Dried Leaf Extract of Tongkat Ali (Eurycoma longifolia Jack.) Induced Cytotoxicity and Apoptosis in MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 Breast Cancer Cell Lines. Hindawi Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 2021. pp. 1-16. https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/8811236 |
| spellingShingle | R Medicine (General) Moses, Lusia Barek Abu Bakar, Mohd Fadzelly Mamat, Hasmadi Abdul Aziz, Zaleha Unfermented Freeze-Dried Leaf Extract of Tongkat Ali (Eurycoma longifolia Jack.) Induced Cytotoxicity and Apoptosis in MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 Breast Cancer Cell Lines |
| title | Unfermented Freeze-Dried Leaf Extract of Tongkat Ali
(Eurycoma longifolia Jack.) Induced Cytotoxicity and
Apoptosis in MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 Breast Cancer Cell Lines |
| title_full | Unfermented Freeze-Dried Leaf Extract of Tongkat Ali
(Eurycoma longifolia Jack.) Induced Cytotoxicity and
Apoptosis in MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 Breast Cancer Cell Lines |
| title_fullStr | Unfermented Freeze-Dried Leaf Extract of Tongkat Ali
(Eurycoma longifolia Jack.) Induced Cytotoxicity and
Apoptosis in MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 Breast Cancer Cell Lines |
| title_full_unstemmed | Unfermented Freeze-Dried Leaf Extract of Tongkat Ali
(Eurycoma longifolia Jack.) Induced Cytotoxicity and
Apoptosis in MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 Breast Cancer Cell Lines |
| title_short | Unfermented Freeze-Dried Leaf Extract of Tongkat Ali
(Eurycoma longifolia Jack.) Induced Cytotoxicity and
Apoptosis in MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 Breast Cancer Cell Lines |
| title_sort | unfermented freeze dried leaf extract of tongkat ali eurycoma longifolia jack induced cytotoxicity and apoptosis in mda mb 231 and mcf 7 breast cancer cell lines |
| topic | R Medicine (General) |
| url | http://eprints.uthm.edu.my/1800/1/J12050_40f2b034231307a74af4dab99b1695d6.pdf |
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