Structure-property relations of 55nm particle-toughened epoxy
55-nm rubber particles significantly toughened two epoxy systems without loss of Young’s modulus, tensile strength and glass transition temperature. Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) showed that the nanoparticles are uniformly dispersed in matrix and have blurred interface with epoxy. 5 wt% rub...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Elsevier
2010
|
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://eprints.uthm.edu.my/5659/1/AJ%202017%20%28879%29.pdf |
| _version_ | 1825710057905455104 |
|---|---|
| author | Le, Quyen-Huyen Kuan, Hsu-Chiang Dai, Jia-Bin Zaman, Izzuddin Lee, Luong Jun, Ma |
| author_facet | Le, Quyen-Huyen Kuan, Hsu-Chiang Dai, Jia-Bin Zaman, Izzuddin Lee, Luong Jun, Ma |
| author_sort | Le, Quyen-Huyen |
| collection | UTHM |
| description | 55-nm rubber particles significantly toughened two epoxy systems without loss of Young’s modulus, tensile strength and glass transition temperature. Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) showed that the nanoparticles are uniformly dispersed in matrix and have blurred interface with epoxy. 5 wt% rubber nanoparticles increased the critical strain energy release rate (G1c) of Jeffamine D230 (J230)-cured epoxy from 175 J/m2 to 1710 J/m2 , while the 10 wt% increased G1c of diaminodiphenyl sulfone (DDS)-cured epoxy from 73 J/m2 to 696 J/m2 . This is explained by comparing the surface–surface interparticle distance and total particle surface of nanocomposites with those of composites. The higher the matrix stiffness, the more nanoparticles needed for toughening. Although the 10 wt% J230-cured nanocomposite showed a 50% larger size of stress-whitened zone than the 5 wt% J230-cured nanocomposite, the 5 wt% nano- composite showed a higher toughness. These nanoparticles were found to pose barriers to the vibration of crosslinked matrix molecules, leading to higher glass transition temperatures. While the matrix shear banding caused by nanoparticle expansion and growth is the major toughening mechanism for the J230- cured nanocomposites, the matrix plastic void growth and deformation are most probably the major mechanisms for the DDS-cured system. Under tensile loading, the nanoparticles in the DDS-cured epoxy created fibrils of 100e200 nm in diameter and 3e5 mm in length. TEM analysis in front of a subcritically propagated crack tip showed a number of voids of 30e500 nm in diameter in the vicinity of the crack, implying that rubber nanoparticles expanded, grew and deformed under loading. Unlike conventional epoxy/rubber composites in which all of the rubber particles in the crack front cavitated under loading, only a portion of the nanoparticles in this study expanded to create voids. Huang and Kinloch’s model developed from composites was found not fit well into these nanocomposites. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-05T21:51:50Z |
| format | Article |
| id | uthm.eprints-5659 |
| institution | Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-05T21:51:50Z |
| publishDate | 2010 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | dspace |
| spelling | uthm.eprints-56592022-01-20T02:13:00Z http://eprints.uthm.edu.my/5659/ Structure-property relations of 55nm particle-toughened epoxy Le, Quyen-Huyen Kuan, Hsu-Chiang Dai, Jia-Bin Zaman, Izzuddin Lee, Luong Jun, Ma TP155-156 Chemical engineering TP200-248 Chemicals: Manufacture, use, etc. 55-nm rubber particles significantly toughened two epoxy systems without loss of Young’s modulus, tensile strength and glass transition temperature. Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) showed that the nanoparticles are uniformly dispersed in matrix and have blurred interface with epoxy. 5 wt% rubber nanoparticles increased the critical strain energy release rate (G1c) of Jeffamine D230 (J230)-cured epoxy from 175 J/m2 to 1710 J/m2 , while the 10 wt% increased G1c of diaminodiphenyl sulfone (DDS)-cured epoxy from 73 J/m2 to 696 J/m2 . This is explained by comparing the surface–surface interparticle distance and total particle surface of nanocomposites with those of composites. The higher the matrix stiffness, the more nanoparticles needed for toughening. Although the 10 wt% J230-cured nanocomposite showed a 50% larger size of stress-whitened zone than the 5 wt% J230-cured nanocomposite, the 5 wt% nano- composite showed a higher toughness. These nanoparticles were found to pose barriers to the vibration of crosslinked matrix molecules, leading to higher glass transition temperatures. While the matrix shear banding caused by nanoparticle expansion and growth is the major toughening mechanism for the J230- cured nanocomposites, the matrix plastic void growth and deformation are most probably the major mechanisms for the DDS-cured system. Under tensile loading, the nanoparticles in the DDS-cured epoxy created fibrils of 100e200 nm in diameter and 3e5 mm in length. TEM analysis in front of a subcritically propagated crack tip showed a number of voids of 30e500 nm in diameter in the vicinity of the crack, implying that rubber nanoparticles expanded, grew and deformed under loading. Unlike conventional epoxy/rubber composites in which all of the rubber particles in the crack front cavitated under loading, only a portion of the nanoparticles in this study expanded to create voids. Huang and Kinloch’s model developed from composites was found not fit well into these nanocomposites. Elsevier 2010 Article PeerReviewed text en http://eprints.uthm.edu.my/5659/1/AJ%202017%20%28879%29.pdf Le, Quyen-Huyen and Kuan, Hsu-Chiang and Dai, Jia-Bin and Zaman, Izzuddin and Lee, Luong and Jun, Ma (2010) Structure-property relations of 55nm particle-toughened epoxy. Polymer, 51 (NIL). pp. 4867-4879. ISSN 0032-3863 https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.polymer.2010.08.038 |
| spellingShingle | TP155-156 Chemical engineering TP200-248 Chemicals: Manufacture, use, etc. Le, Quyen-Huyen Kuan, Hsu-Chiang Dai, Jia-Bin Zaman, Izzuddin Lee, Luong Jun, Ma Structure-property relations of 55nm particle-toughened epoxy |
| title | Structure-property relations of 55nm particle-toughened epoxy |
| title_full | Structure-property relations of 55nm particle-toughened epoxy |
| title_fullStr | Structure-property relations of 55nm particle-toughened epoxy |
| title_full_unstemmed | Structure-property relations of 55nm particle-toughened epoxy |
| title_short | Structure-property relations of 55nm particle-toughened epoxy |
| title_sort | structure property relations of 55nm particle toughened epoxy |
| topic | TP155-156 Chemical engineering TP200-248 Chemicals: Manufacture, use, etc. |
| url | http://eprints.uthm.edu.my/5659/1/AJ%202017%20%28879%29.pdf |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT lequyenhuyen structurepropertyrelationsof55nmparticletoughenedepoxy AT kuanhsuchiang structurepropertyrelationsof55nmparticletoughenedepoxy AT daijiabin structurepropertyrelationsof55nmparticletoughenedepoxy AT zamanizzuddin structurepropertyrelationsof55nmparticletoughenedepoxy AT leeluong structurepropertyrelationsof55nmparticletoughenedepoxy AT junma structurepropertyrelationsof55nmparticletoughenedepoxy |