| Summary: | Carbon-based materials, including graphene (GR), carbon nanotubes (CNTs), activated
carbon, and biochar, are the most common materials often applied to separate heavy metals from the
water stream. A key feature of carbon adsorbent is the functional group of its adjustable surfaces. Both
GR and CNTs exhibit the most favorable materials and may be the right choice in the future because of
their excellent nature and unique structure. In order to commercialize the use of carbon absorbent in the
removal of heavy metals, the mechanism of adsorption of carbon on heavy metals must be fully
understood. In view of the good properties of carbon-based materials, a detailed study of their
characteristics and synthesis, and modifications should be highlighted. Therefore, this article will
discuss the properties, modifications, and use of carbon-based materials as adsorbents for various
hazardous metal ions.
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