Optimization of ZnO/GO nanocomposite-loaded polylactic acid active films using response surface methodology
Development of biodegradable polymer as food packaging has been emerged with the increasing awareness of achieving sustainable development goals. As a replacement of petroleum-based polymers, Polylactic acid (PLA) has been widely utilized for food packaging. However, the main disadvantage of PLA for...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Elsevier B.V.
2022
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| Online Access: | http://eprints.utm.my/103372/1/LiewWenChing2022_OptimizationofZnOGONanocompositeLoadedPolylactic.pdf |
| _version_ | 1796867448056578048 |
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| author | Liew, Wen Ching Mohd. Keesan, Farah Wahida Muhamad, Ida Idayu |
| author_facet | Liew, Wen Ching Mohd. Keesan, Farah Wahida Muhamad, Ida Idayu |
| author_sort | Liew, Wen Ching |
| collection | ePrints |
| description | Development of biodegradable polymer as food packaging has been emerged with the increasing awareness of achieving sustainable development goals. As a replacement of petroleum-based polymers, Polylactic acid (PLA) has been widely utilized for food packaging. However, the main disadvantage of PLA for food packaging is its brittleness and low stiffness. Therefore, this work aimed to evaluate the potential usability of Zinc oxide (ZnO) and Graphene oxide (GO) as mechanical strengthening nanocomposites and their synergistic effect towards antibacterial property. The optimum formulation of PLA/ZnO/GO nanocomposite active film was determined using RSM by defining concentration of ZnO (0–1.5 wt%), concentration of GO (0–1.5 wt%) and mixing temperature (40, 50, 60 °C) as process parameters. The synergistic effect of ZnO/GO demonstrated a significant improvement in mechanical property. Both ZnO and GO exhibited significant antibacterial activity towards E. coli and B. subtilis and their synergistic antibacterial property performed the best with 0.75 wt% ZnO and 0.75 wt% GO at 50 °C. Results also revealed that ZnO was dominated in their synergistic effect for both mechanical and antibacterial properties. The optimum formulations for PLA/ZnO/GO nanocomposite active film were determined at 1.06 wt% ZnO, 1.11 wt% GO at 60 °C and 0.99 wt% ZnO, 1.28 wt% GO at 40 °C. The regression models by RSM were validated with the experimental results based on optimal formulations. In addition, SEM and FTIR investigation on two optimal films confirmed the good compatibility between ZnO, GO and PLA matrix. Taken together, optimized formula could provide useful insights for fabricating PLA-based active film and broadening their application in food packaging industry. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-05T21:27:24Z |
| format | Article |
| id | utm.eprints-103372 |
| institution | Universiti Teknologi Malaysia - ePrints |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-05T21:27:24Z |
| publishDate | 2022 |
| publisher | Elsevier B.V. |
| record_format | dspace |
| spelling | utm.eprints-1033722023-11-01T09:22:55Z http://eprints.utm.my/103372/ Optimization of ZnO/GO nanocomposite-loaded polylactic acid active films using response surface methodology Liew, Wen Ching Mohd. Keesan, Farah Wahida Muhamad, Ida Idayu Q Science (General) Development of biodegradable polymer as food packaging has been emerged with the increasing awareness of achieving sustainable development goals. As a replacement of petroleum-based polymers, Polylactic acid (PLA) has been widely utilized for food packaging. However, the main disadvantage of PLA for food packaging is its brittleness and low stiffness. Therefore, this work aimed to evaluate the potential usability of Zinc oxide (ZnO) and Graphene oxide (GO) as mechanical strengthening nanocomposites and their synergistic effect towards antibacterial property. The optimum formulation of PLA/ZnO/GO nanocomposite active film was determined using RSM by defining concentration of ZnO (0–1.5 wt%), concentration of GO (0–1.5 wt%) and mixing temperature (40, 50, 60 °C) as process parameters. The synergistic effect of ZnO/GO demonstrated a significant improvement in mechanical property. Both ZnO and GO exhibited significant antibacterial activity towards E. coli and B. subtilis and their synergistic antibacterial property performed the best with 0.75 wt% ZnO and 0.75 wt% GO at 50 °C. Results also revealed that ZnO was dominated in their synergistic effect for both mechanical and antibacterial properties. The optimum formulations for PLA/ZnO/GO nanocomposite active film were determined at 1.06 wt% ZnO, 1.11 wt% GO at 60 °C and 0.99 wt% ZnO, 1.28 wt% GO at 40 °C. The regression models by RSM were validated with the experimental results based on optimal formulations. In addition, SEM and FTIR investigation on two optimal films confirmed the good compatibility between ZnO, GO and PLA matrix. Taken together, optimized formula could provide useful insights for fabricating PLA-based active film and broadening their application in food packaging industry. Elsevier B.V. 2022 Article PeerReviewed application/pdf en http://eprints.utm.my/103372/1/LiewWenChing2022_OptimizationofZnOGONanocompositeLoadedPolylactic.pdf Liew, Wen Ching and Mohd. Keesan, Farah Wahida and Muhamad, Ida Idayu (2022) Optimization of ZnO/GO nanocomposite-loaded polylactic acid active films using response surface methodology. Journal of King Saud University - Science, 34 (3). pp. 1-11. ISSN 1018-3647 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jksus.2022.101835 DOI: 10.1016/j.jksus.2022.101835 |
| spellingShingle | Q Science (General) Liew, Wen Ching Mohd. Keesan, Farah Wahida Muhamad, Ida Idayu Optimization of ZnO/GO nanocomposite-loaded polylactic acid active films using response surface methodology |
| title | Optimization of ZnO/GO nanocomposite-loaded polylactic acid active films using response surface methodology |
| title_full | Optimization of ZnO/GO nanocomposite-loaded polylactic acid active films using response surface methodology |
| title_fullStr | Optimization of ZnO/GO nanocomposite-loaded polylactic acid active films using response surface methodology |
| title_full_unstemmed | Optimization of ZnO/GO nanocomposite-loaded polylactic acid active films using response surface methodology |
| title_short | Optimization of ZnO/GO nanocomposite-loaded polylactic acid active films using response surface methodology |
| title_sort | optimization of zno go nanocomposite loaded polylactic acid active films using response surface methodology |
| topic | Q Science (General) |
| url | http://eprints.utm.my/103372/1/LiewWenChing2022_OptimizationofZnOGONanocompositeLoadedPolylactic.pdf |
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