Comprehensive study on physicochemical characteristics of magnetorheological elastomer featuring epoxidized natural rubber
The effect of the epoxidation level of epoxidized natural rubber (ENR) on the physicochemical characteristics of magnetorheological elastomer (MRE) made from it was studied. MRE samples were fabricated by mixing ENR with additives and carbonyl iron particles (CIP), followed by vulcanisation at 150 °...
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IOP Publishing Ltd.
2022
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| author | Yusoff, Muhamad Shakir Yunus, Nurul Azhani Muhammad Zaki, Norizatie Mazlan, Saiful Amri Abdul Aziz, Siti Aishah Ubaidillah, Ubaidillah Nik Ismail, Nik Intan |
| author_facet | Yusoff, Muhamad Shakir Yunus, Nurul Azhani Muhammad Zaki, Norizatie Mazlan, Saiful Amri Abdul Aziz, Siti Aishah Ubaidillah, Ubaidillah Nik Ismail, Nik Intan |
| author_sort | Yusoff, Muhamad Shakir |
| collection | ePrints |
| description | The effect of the epoxidation level of epoxidized natural rubber (ENR) on the physicochemical characteristics of magnetorheological elastomer (MRE) made from it was studied. MRE samples were fabricated by mixing ENR with additives and carbonyl iron particles (CIP), followed by vulcanisation at 150 °C for 30 min. The factors that are manipulated for this study include the epoxidation level of ENR, through the use of ENR 25 and ENR 50 as the polymer matrix, and the proportion of the components of the composite, through varying the amount of CIP added in the mixing step. The analysis was performed by measuring the physicochemical characteristics of the MRE, which include curing time, magnetisation, functional group composition, thermal stability, and morphology. The cure time (t 90) of the MRE increased with increasing CIP content while the scorch time (ts2) decreased. Electron microscopy showed that the CIP were randomly distributed throughout the MRE samples, indicating an isotropic MRE. The MRE fabricated with ENR 25 and 70 wt% CIP had a considerably higher value of saturation magnetisation at 42.54 emu g-1, whereas the MRE fabricated with ENR 50 and 70 wt% CIP had a saturation magnetisation of 40.80 emu g-1. Hydrogen bonds were created between the epoxy bonds in the epoxidized rubber and the hydroxyl groups from the CIP and other additives. Thermogravimetric analysis indicated an improvement in thermal stability, as the addition of CIP delayed the thermal degradation of the MRE. The results showed that the epoxidation level of the natural rubber has a significant effect on the physicochemical characteristics of the MRE fabricated from it. Overall outcomes showed that both ENR 25 and ENR 50 could be used as an alternative matrix material for fabricating an MRE, with the choice falling on the application specification. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-05T21:29:37Z |
| format | Article |
| id | utm.eprints-104120 |
| institution | Universiti Teknologi Malaysia - ePrints |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-05T21:29:37Z |
| publishDate | 2022 |
| publisher | IOP Publishing Ltd. |
| record_format | dspace |
| spelling | utm.eprints-1041202024-01-17T01:15:49Z http://eprints.utm.my/104120/ Comprehensive study on physicochemical characteristics of magnetorheological elastomer featuring epoxidized natural rubber Yusoff, Muhamad Shakir Yunus, Nurul Azhani Muhammad Zaki, Norizatie Mazlan, Saiful Amri Abdul Aziz, Siti Aishah Ubaidillah, Ubaidillah Nik Ismail, Nik Intan TJ Mechanical engineering and machinery The effect of the epoxidation level of epoxidized natural rubber (ENR) on the physicochemical characteristics of magnetorheological elastomer (MRE) made from it was studied. MRE samples were fabricated by mixing ENR with additives and carbonyl iron particles (CIP), followed by vulcanisation at 150 °C for 30 min. The factors that are manipulated for this study include the epoxidation level of ENR, through the use of ENR 25 and ENR 50 as the polymer matrix, and the proportion of the components of the composite, through varying the amount of CIP added in the mixing step. The analysis was performed by measuring the physicochemical characteristics of the MRE, which include curing time, magnetisation, functional group composition, thermal stability, and morphology. The cure time (t 90) of the MRE increased with increasing CIP content while the scorch time (ts2) decreased. Electron microscopy showed that the CIP were randomly distributed throughout the MRE samples, indicating an isotropic MRE. The MRE fabricated with ENR 25 and 70 wt% CIP had a considerably higher value of saturation magnetisation at 42.54 emu g-1, whereas the MRE fabricated with ENR 50 and 70 wt% CIP had a saturation magnetisation of 40.80 emu g-1. Hydrogen bonds were created between the epoxy bonds in the epoxidized rubber and the hydroxyl groups from the CIP and other additives. Thermogravimetric analysis indicated an improvement in thermal stability, as the addition of CIP delayed the thermal degradation of the MRE. The results showed that the epoxidation level of the natural rubber has a significant effect on the physicochemical characteristics of the MRE fabricated from it. Overall outcomes showed that both ENR 25 and ENR 50 could be used as an alternative matrix material for fabricating an MRE, with the choice falling on the application specification. IOP Publishing Ltd. 2022 Article PeerReviewed Yusoff, Muhamad Shakir and Yunus, Nurul Azhani and Muhammad Zaki, Norizatie and Mazlan, Saiful Amri and Abdul Aziz, Siti Aishah and Ubaidillah, Ubaidillah and Nik Ismail, Nik Intan (2022) Comprehensive study on physicochemical characteristics of magnetorheological elastomer featuring epoxidized natural rubber. Smart Materials and Structures, 31 (5). NA. ISSN 0964-1726 http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1361-665X/ac6347 DOI:10.1088/1361-665X/ac6347 |
| spellingShingle | TJ Mechanical engineering and machinery Yusoff, Muhamad Shakir Yunus, Nurul Azhani Muhammad Zaki, Norizatie Mazlan, Saiful Amri Abdul Aziz, Siti Aishah Ubaidillah, Ubaidillah Nik Ismail, Nik Intan Comprehensive study on physicochemical characteristics of magnetorheological elastomer featuring epoxidized natural rubber |
| title | Comprehensive study on physicochemical characteristics of magnetorheological elastomer featuring epoxidized natural rubber |
| title_full | Comprehensive study on physicochemical characteristics of magnetorheological elastomer featuring epoxidized natural rubber |
| title_fullStr | Comprehensive study on physicochemical characteristics of magnetorheological elastomer featuring epoxidized natural rubber |
| title_full_unstemmed | Comprehensive study on physicochemical characteristics of magnetorheological elastomer featuring epoxidized natural rubber |
| title_short | Comprehensive study on physicochemical characteristics of magnetorheological elastomer featuring epoxidized natural rubber |
| title_sort | comprehensive study on physicochemical characteristics of magnetorheological elastomer featuring epoxidized natural rubber |
| topic | TJ Mechanical engineering and machinery |
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