Energy efficiency of unmanned aerial vehicle with reconfigurable intelligent surfaces: A comparative study
Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) and reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RIS) are the promising emerging technologies proposed for the 6th-Generation (6G) network to improve the capacity, reliability, and coverage of wireless communications. By integrating the UAV with RIS (RIS-UAV), the three-dimen...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI
2023
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| Online Access: | http://eprints.utm.my/106575/1/LeowCheeYen2023_EnergyEfficiencyofUnmannedAerialVehicle.pdf |
| _version_ | 1811132365913718784 |
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| author | Goh, Chi Yen Leow, Chee Yen Nordin, Rosdiadee |
| author_facet | Goh, Chi Yen Leow, Chee Yen Nordin, Rosdiadee |
| author_sort | Goh, Chi Yen |
| collection | ePrints |
| description | Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) and reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RIS) are the promising emerging technologies proposed for the 6th-Generation (6G) network to improve the capacity, reliability, and coverage of wireless communications. By integrating the UAV with RIS (RIS-UAV), the three-dimensional (3D) mobility of the UAV can be leveraged to establish strong line-of-sight links with the ground nodes, while the RIS intelligently reflect the signals toward the desired directions. However, the existing literature on RIS-UAV systems mainly assumes the use of passive elements, which suffers from the double path-loss problem. The use of active elements in RIS, which could improve the reflected link performance at the cost of increased energy consumption, has not been considered for the RIS-UAV system. Further, the energy efficiency of a RIS-UAV with active elements remains as an open direction because there is a need to investigate the feasibility of either an active or hybrid RIS-UAV implementation. This paper proposes active and hybrid RIS-UAVs and investigates the energy efficiencies of active and hybrid RIS-UAVs in comparison with existing passive RIS-UAVs and conventional UAV relays. The numerical results reveal that the proposed hybrid and active RIS-UAV relaying schemes can provide up to 14 times and 26 times improvement as compared to the passive RIS-UAV, respectively. As opposed to the active RIS-UAV that requires a larger power budget, half-duplex UAV relays that have a lower spectral efficiency, and full-duplex UAV relays that suffer from self-interference, the hybrid RIS-UAV emerges as a promising option to assist the ground communication system. |
| first_indexed | 2024-09-24T00:02:56Z |
| format | Article |
| id | utm.eprints-106575 |
| institution | Universiti Teknologi Malaysia - ePrints |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-09-24T00:02:56Z |
| publishDate | 2023 |
| publisher | MDPI |
| record_format | dspace |
| spelling | utm.eprints-1065752024-07-09T07:02:27Z http://eprints.utm.my/106575/ Energy efficiency of unmanned aerial vehicle with reconfigurable intelligent surfaces: A comparative study Goh, Chi Yen Leow, Chee Yen Nordin, Rosdiadee TK Electrical engineering. Electronics Nuclear engineering Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) and reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RIS) are the promising emerging technologies proposed for the 6th-Generation (6G) network to improve the capacity, reliability, and coverage of wireless communications. By integrating the UAV with RIS (RIS-UAV), the three-dimensional (3D) mobility of the UAV can be leveraged to establish strong line-of-sight links with the ground nodes, while the RIS intelligently reflect the signals toward the desired directions. However, the existing literature on RIS-UAV systems mainly assumes the use of passive elements, which suffers from the double path-loss problem. The use of active elements in RIS, which could improve the reflected link performance at the cost of increased energy consumption, has not been considered for the RIS-UAV system. Further, the energy efficiency of a RIS-UAV with active elements remains as an open direction because there is a need to investigate the feasibility of either an active or hybrid RIS-UAV implementation. This paper proposes active and hybrid RIS-UAVs and investigates the energy efficiencies of active and hybrid RIS-UAVs in comparison with existing passive RIS-UAVs and conventional UAV relays. The numerical results reveal that the proposed hybrid and active RIS-UAV relaying schemes can provide up to 14 times and 26 times improvement as compared to the passive RIS-UAV, respectively. As opposed to the active RIS-UAV that requires a larger power budget, half-duplex UAV relays that have a lower spectral efficiency, and full-duplex UAV relays that suffer from self-interference, the hybrid RIS-UAV emerges as a promising option to assist the ground communication system. MDPI 2023 Article PeerReviewed application/pdf en http://eprints.utm.my/106575/1/LeowCheeYen2023_EnergyEfficiencyofUnmannedAerialVehicle.pdf Goh, Chi Yen and Leow, Chee Yen and Nordin, Rosdiadee (2023) Energy efficiency of unmanned aerial vehicle with reconfigurable intelligent surfaces: A comparative study. Drones, 7 (2). pp. 1-17. ISSN 2504-446X http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/drones7020098 DOI : 10.3390/drones7020098 |
| spellingShingle | TK Electrical engineering. Electronics Nuclear engineering Goh, Chi Yen Leow, Chee Yen Nordin, Rosdiadee Energy efficiency of unmanned aerial vehicle with reconfigurable intelligent surfaces: A comparative study |
| title | Energy efficiency of unmanned aerial vehicle with reconfigurable intelligent surfaces: A comparative study |
| title_full | Energy efficiency of unmanned aerial vehicle with reconfigurable intelligent surfaces: A comparative study |
| title_fullStr | Energy efficiency of unmanned aerial vehicle with reconfigurable intelligent surfaces: A comparative study |
| title_full_unstemmed | Energy efficiency of unmanned aerial vehicle with reconfigurable intelligent surfaces: A comparative study |
| title_short | Energy efficiency of unmanned aerial vehicle with reconfigurable intelligent surfaces: A comparative study |
| title_sort | energy efficiency of unmanned aerial vehicle with reconfigurable intelligent surfaces a comparative study |
| topic | TK Electrical engineering. Electronics Nuclear engineering |
| url | http://eprints.utm.my/106575/1/LeowCheeYen2023_EnergyEfficiencyofUnmannedAerialVehicle.pdf |
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