Sterically modulated palladium(II)-N-heterocyclic carbene complexes for the catalytic oxidation of olefins: synthesis, crystal structure, characterization and DFT studies
The synthesis of a series of sterically modulated palladium(II)-NHC complexes (9-11) of the general formula [Pd(NHC)(2)Cl-2] (NHC = 1-benzyl-3(2'-methyl)-propylbenzimidazol-2-ylidine, 1-benzyl-3 (2'-methyl)-butylbenzimidazol-2-ylidine and 1-benzyl-3-hexylbenzimidazol-2-ylidine) from their...
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Elsevier
2014
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| author | Salman, Abbas Washeel Rehman, Ghani Ur Abdullah, Norbani Budagumpi, Srinivasa Endud, Salasiah Abdallah, Hassan Hadi Wong, Wen Yee |
| author_facet | Salman, Abbas Washeel Rehman, Ghani Ur Abdullah, Norbani Budagumpi, Srinivasa Endud, Salasiah Abdallah, Hassan Hadi Wong, Wen Yee |
| author_sort | Salman, Abbas Washeel |
| collection | ePrints |
| description | The synthesis of a series of sterically modulated palladium(II)-NHC complexes (9-11) of the general formula [Pd(NHC)(2)Cl-2] (NHC = 1-benzyl-3(2'-methyl)-propylbenzimidazol-2-ylidine, 1-benzyl-3 (2'-methyl)-butylbenzimidazol-2-ylidine and 1-benzyl-3-hexylbenzimidazol-2-ylidine) from their respective silver(I) counterparts (6-8) is presented. Two novel triazine-tethered Zwitterionic (benz) imidazolium salts, 4 and 5, were prepared and tested as NHC precursors for the preparation of silver(I) complexes. However, all our attempts to prepare silver(I) derivatives from salts 4 and 5 ended with negative results due to the low acidity of the C2 protons. The Zwitterionic derivative 4 was additionally characterized by the single crystal X-ray diffraction technique. The molecular structure of 4 evidenced pi-pi stacking interactions between the triazine rings of two crystallographically independent units. The palladium complexes 9-11 showed good catalytic activities in the epoxidation of 1-octene and styrene under homogeneous conditions with aqueous hydrogen peroxide as an oxidant. The effect of temperature and solvent on the epoxidation of the aforementioned olefins using complexes 9-11 was also explored. Density functional theory (DFT) was used to model the structures of the isomers of the palladium complexes. Geometry parameters, electronic energy, molecular orbital energies, band gap, vibrational frequencies and the cis-trans energy barrier were calculated. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-05T19:54:26Z |
| format | Article |
| id | utm.eprints-62667 |
| institution | Universiti Teknologi Malaysia - ePrints |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-05T19:54:26Z |
| publishDate | 2014 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | dspace |
| spelling | utm.eprints-626672017-06-01T03:01:26Z http://eprints.utm.my/62667/ Sterically modulated palladium(II)-N-heterocyclic carbene complexes for the catalytic oxidation of olefins: synthesis, crystal structure, characterization and DFT studies Salman, Abbas Washeel Rehman, Ghani Ur Abdullah, Norbani Budagumpi, Srinivasa Endud, Salasiah Abdallah, Hassan Hadi Wong, Wen Yee Q Science The synthesis of a series of sterically modulated palladium(II)-NHC complexes (9-11) of the general formula [Pd(NHC)(2)Cl-2] (NHC = 1-benzyl-3(2'-methyl)-propylbenzimidazol-2-ylidine, 1-benzyl-3 (2'-methyl)-butylbenzimidazol-2-ylidine and 1-benzyl-3-hexylbenzimidazol-2-ylidine) from their respective silver(I) counterparts (6-8) is presented. Two novel triazine-tethered Zwitterionic (benz) imidazolium salts, 4 and 5, were prepared and tested as NHC precursors for the preparation of silver(I) complexes. However, all our attempts to prepare silver(I) derivatives from salts 4 and 5 ended with negative results due to the low acidity of the C2 protons. The Zwitterionic derivative 4 was additionally characterized by the single crystal X-ray diffraction technique. The molecular structure of 4 evidenced pi-pi stacking interactions between the triazine rings of two crystallographically independent units. The palladium complexes 9-11 showed good catalytic activities in the epoxidation of 1-octene and styrene under homogeneous conditions with aqueous hydrogen peroxide as an oxidant. The effect of temperature and solvent on the epoxidation of the aforementioned olefins using complexes 9-11 was also explored. Density functional theory (DFT) was used to model the structures of the isomers of the palladium complexes. Geometry parameters, electronic energy, molecular orbital energies, band gap, vibrational frequencies and the cis-trans energy barrier were calculated. Elsevier 2014 Article PeerReviewed Salman, Abbas Washeel and Rehman, Ghani Ur and Abdullah, Norbani and Budagumpi, Srinivasa and Endud, Salasiah and Abdallah, Hassan Hadi and Wong, Wen Yee (2014) Sterically modulated palladium(II)-N-heterocyclic carbene complexes for the catalytic oxidation of olefins: synthesis, crystal structure, characterization and DFT studies. Polyhedron, 81 . pp. 499-510. ISSN 0277-5387 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.poly.2014.06.054 DOI:10.1016/j.poly.2014.06.054 |
| spellingShingle | Q Science Salman, Abbas Washeel Rehman, Ghani Ur Abdullah, Norbani Budagumpi, Srinivasa Endud, Salasiah Abdallah, Hassan Hadi Wong, Wen Yee Sterically modulated palladium(II)-N-heterocyclic carbene complexes for the catalytic oxidation of olefins: synthesis, crystal structure, characterization and DFT studies |
| title | Sterically modulated palladium(II)-N-heterocyclic carbene complexes for the catalytic oxidation of olefins: synthesis, crystal structure, characterization and DFT studies |
| title_full | Sterically modulated palladium(II)-N-heterocyclic carbene complexes for the catalytic oxidation of olefins: synthesis, crystal structure, characterization and DFT studies |
| title_fullStr | Sterically modulated palladium(II)-N-heterocyclic carbene complexes for the catalytic oxidation of olefins: synthesis, crystal structure, characterization and DFT studies |
| title_full_unstemmed | Sterically modulated palladium(II)-N-heterocyclic carbene complexes for the catalytic oxidation of olefins: synthesis, crystal structure, characterization and DFT studies |
| title_short | Sterically modulated palladium(II)-N-heterocyclic carbene complexes for the catalytic oxidation of olefins: synthesis, crystal structure, characterization and DFT studies |
| title_sort | sterically modulated palladium ii n heterocyclic carbene complexes for the catalytic oxidation of olefins synthesis crystal structure characterization and dft studies |
| topic | Q Science |
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