Carbon cryogel microsphere for ethyl levulinate production: effect of carbonization temperature and time
The side products of biomass and bio-fuel industry have shown potential in producing carbon catalyst. The carbon cryogel was synthesized from lignin-furfural mixture based on the following details: 1.0 of lignin to furfural (L/F) ratio, 1.0 of lignin to water (L/W) ratio, and 8M of acid concentratio...
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Taylors University
2016
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| author | Zainol, M. M. Asmadi, M. Amin, N. A. S. Ahmad, K. |
| author_facet | Zainol, M. M. Asmadi, M. Amin, N. A. S. Ahmad, K. |
| author_sort | Zainol, M. M. |
| collection | ePrints |
| description | The side products of biomass and bio-fuel industry have shown potential in producing carbon catalyst. The carbon cryogel was synthesized from lignin-furfural mixture based on the following details: 1.0 of lignin to furfural (L/F) ratio, 1.0 of lignin to water (L/W) ratio, and 8M of acid concentration. The lignin-furfural sol-gel mixture, initially prepared via polycondensation reaction at 90 °C for 30 min, was followed by freeze drying and carbonization process. Effects of carbonization temperature and time were investigated on the total acidity and surface area of the carbon cryogel. Furthermore, the effects of these parameters were studied on the ethyl levulinate yield through esterification reaction of levulinic acid in ethanol. The esterification reaction was conducted at reflux temperature, 10 h of reaction time, 19 molar ratio of ethanol to levulinic acid, and 15.0 wt.% carbon cryogel loading. Based on the carbonization temperature and time studies, the carbon cryogel carbonized at 500 °C and 4 h exhibited good performance as solid acid catalyst. Large total surface area and acidity significantly influenced the catalytic activity of carbon cryogel with 80.0 wt.% yield of ethyl levulinate. Thus, carbon cryogel is highly potential as acid catalyst for the esterification of levulinic acid with ethanol. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-05T20:03:39Z |
| format | Article |
| id | utm.eprints-72342 |
| institution | Universiti Teknologi Malaysia - ePrints |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-05T20:03:39Z |
| publishDate | 2016 |
| publisher | Taylors University |
| record_format | dspace |
| spelling | utm.eprints-723422017-11-20T08:23:46Z http://eprints.utm.my/72342/ Carbon cryogel microsphere for ethyl levulinate production: effect of carbonization temperature and time Zainol, M. M. Asmadi, M. Amin, N. A. S. Ahmad, K. TP Chemical technology The side products of biomass and bio-fuel industry have shown potential in producing carbon catalyst. The carbon cryogel was synthesized from lignin-furfural mixture based on the following details: 1.0 of lignin to furfural (L/F) ratio, 1.0 of lignin to water (L/W) ratio, and 8M of acid concentration. The lignin-furfural sol-gel mixture, initially prepared via polycondensation reaction at 90 °C for 30 min, was followed by freeze drying and carbonization process. Effects of carbonization temperature and time were investigated on the total acidity and surface area of the carbon cryogel. Furthermore, the effects of these parameters were studied on the ethyl levulinate yield through esterification reaction of levulinic acid in ethanol. The esterification reaction was conducted at reflux temperature, 10 h of reaction time, 19 molar ratio of ethanol to levulinic acid, and 15.0 wt.% carbon cryogel loading. Based on the carbonization temperature and time studies, the carbon cryogel carbonized at 500 °C and 4 h exhibited good performance as solid acid catalyst. Large total surface area and acidity significantly influenced the catalytic activity of carbon cryogel with 80.0 wt.% yield of ethyl levulinate. Thus, carbon cryogel is highly potential as acid catalyst for the esterification of levulinic acid with ethanol. Taylors University 2016 Article PeerReviewed Zainol, M. M. and Asmadi, M. and Amin, N. A. S. and Ahmad, K. (2016) Carbon cryogel microsphere for ethyl levulinate production: effect of carbonization temperature and time. Journal of Engineering Science and Technology, 11 (Specia). pp. 108-121. ISSN 1823-4690 https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84986213617&partnerID=40&md5=f455feaf8c28600161874de18412d88d |
| spellingShingle | TP Chemical technology Zainol, M. M. Asmadi, M. Amin, N. A. S. Ahmad, K. Carbon cryogel microsphere for ethyl levulinate production: effect of carbonization temperature and time |
| title | Carbon cryogel microsphere for ethyl levulinate production: effect of carbonization temperature and time |
| title_full | Carbon cryogel microsphere for ethyl levulinate production: effect of carbonization temperature and time |
| title_fullStr | Carbon cryogel microsphere for ethyl levulinate production: effect of carbonization temperature and time |
| title_full_unstemmed | Carbon cryogel microsphere for ethyl levulinate production: effect of carbonization temperature and time |
| title_short | Carbon cryogel microsphere for ethyl levulinate production: effect of carbonization temperature and time |
| title_sort | carbon cryogel microsphere for ethyl levulinate production effect of carbonization temperature and time |
| topic | TP Chemical technology |
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