| Summary: | Changes in surface roughness on the surface of copper was studied using AFM. A Q-switched Nd: Yag Laser was focused to optimize the copper surface area beam size at different energy levels. Different surface roughness of copper indicated when the laser is focused with different level energy, a different frequencies and a different number of pulses. Ra,(average), Rq(RMS) and Rq(grain-wise) show different readings at each different laser energy, different frequencies and different numbers of pulses. The conclusion shows the increasing surface roughness of copper will increase the level energy of laser, frequencies and number of pulses used.
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