Facile and economical, single-step single-chemical method for conversion of palm oil fuel ash waste into graphene nanosheets
Palm oil fuel ash (POFA) is a waste material generated in large quantities by palm oil industry worldwide. To avoid the rising disposal costs and environmental issues, its positive and cost-effective utilization is the urgent requirement. An economical, single-step, and green chemical method has bee...
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Elsevier Ltd
2021
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| author | Ayub, Muhammad Othman, Mohd. Hafiz Dzarfan Mohd. Yusop, Mohd. Zamri Khan, Imran Ullah Zakria, Hazirah Syahirah |
| author_facet | Ayub, Muhammad Othman, Mohd. Hafiz Dzarfan Mohd. Yusop, Mohd. Zamri Khan, Imran Ullah Zakria, Hazirah Syahirah |
| author_sort | Ayub, Muhammad |
| collection | ePrints |
| description | Palm oil fuel ash (POFA) is a waste material generated in large quantities by palm oil industry worldwide. To avoid the rising disposal costs and environmental issues, its positive and cost-effective utilization is the urgent requirement. An economical, single-step, and green chemical method has been adopted in this study to convert as received waste byproduct, POFA, from oil palm mills to produce precious "POFA derived graphene (PDG) nanosheets." The results analyses from different latest instrumental techniques like Raman, High-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) and Atomic force microscopy (AFM) confirmed the successful synthesis of 1–8 layer PDG nanosheets with high yield (> 25 wt%). Parameters like temperature, the ratio of KOH: POFA, and reaction time were optimized to get the maximum yield and removal of all inorganic impurities up to < 0.5 wt.% in the final sample. Clean and smooth edges of PDG with hexagonal rings were also observed using HRTEM. In addition, the surface area of PDG was improved up to 1506.60 m2/g along with a high degree of porosity. Waste POFA ash as the cheapest carbon precursor used for the first time to synthesize economical graphene using a single-step, single chemical method. As a low cost carbon source, POFA, proves to be economical for scalable and sustainable production of PDG and presents an environment-friendly approach towards a green environment, besides promoting the circular economy concept. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-05T21:03:58Z |
| format | Article |
| id | utm.eprints-94782 |
| institution | Universiti Teknologi Malaysia - ePrints |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-05T21:03:58Z |
| publishDate | 2021 |
| publisher | Elsevier Ltd |
| record_format | dspace |
| spelling | utm.eprints-947822022-04-29T22:26:49Z http://eprints.utm.my/94782/ Facile and economical, single-step single-chemical method for conversion of palm oil fuel ash waste into graphene nanosheets Ayub, Muhammad Othman, Mohd. Hafiz Dzarfan Mohd. Yusop, Mohd. Zamri Khan, Imran Ullah Zakria, Hazirah Syahirah TP Chemical technology Palm oil fuel ash (POFA) is a waste material generated in large quantities by palm oil industry worldwide. To avoid the rising disposal costs and environmental issues, its positive and cost-effective utilization is the urgent requirement. An economical, single-step, and green chemical method has been adopted in this study to convert as received waste byproduct, POFA, from oil palm mills to produce precious "POFA derived graphene (PDG) nanosheets." The results analyses from different latest instrumental techniques like Raman, High-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) and Atomic force microscopy (AFM) confirmed the successful synthesis of 1–8 layer PDG nanosheets with high yield (> 25 wt%). Parameters like temperature, the ratio of KOH: POFA, and reaction time were optimized to get the maximum yield and removal of all inorganic impurities up to < 0.5 wt.% in the final sample. Clean and smooth edges of PDG with hexagonal rings were also observed using HRTEM. In addition, the surface area of PDG was improved up to 1506.60 m2/g along with a high degree of porosity. Waste POFA ash as the cheapest carbon precursor used for the first time to synthesize economical graphene using a single-step, single chemical method. As a low cost carbon source, POFA, proves to be economical for scalable and sustainable production of PDG and presents an environment-friendly approach towards a green environment, besides promoting the circular economy concept. Elsevier Ltd 2021-12 Article PeerReviewed Ayub, Muhammad and Othman, Mohd. Hafiz Dzarfan and Mohd. Yusop, Mohd. Zamri and Khan, Imran Ullah and Zakria, Hazirah Syahirah (2021) Facile and economical, single-step single-chemical method for conversion of palm oil fuel ash waste into graphene nanosheets. Applied Materials Today, 25 . ISSN 2352-9407 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apmt.2021.101193 DOI:10.1016/j.apmt.2021.101193 |
| spellingShingle | TP Chemical technology Ayub, Muhammad Othman, Mohd. Hafiz Dzarfan Mohd. Yusop, Mohd. Zamri Khan, Imran Ullah Zakria, Hazirah Syahirah Facile and economical, single-step single-chemical method for conversion of palm oil fuel ash waste into graphene nanosheets |
| title | Facile and economical, single-step single-chemical method for conversion of palm oil fuel ash waste into graphene nanosheets |
| title_full | Facile and economical, single-step single-chemical method for conversion of palm oil fuel ash waste into graphene nanosheets |
| title_fullStr | Facile and economical, single-step single-chemical method for conversion of palm oil fuel ash waste into graphene nanosheets |
| title_full_unstemmed | Facile and economical, single-step single-chemical method for conversion of palm oil fuel ash waste into graphene nanosheets |
| title_short | Facile and economical, single-step single-chemical method for conversion of palm oil fuel ash waste into graphene nanosheets |
| title_sort | facile and economical single step single chemical method for conversion of palm oil fuel ash waste into graphene nanosheets |
| topic | TP Chemical technology |
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