Modeling and optimization of biochar based adsorbent derived from Kenaf using response surface methodology on adsorption of Cd2+
Cadmium is one of the most hazardous metals in the environment, even when present at very low concentrations. This study reports the systematic development of Kenaf fiber biochar as an adsorbent for the removal of cadmium (Cd) (II) ions from water. The adsorbent development was aided by an optimizat...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2021
|
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://eprints.utm.my/95477/1/ZakiYamaniZakaria2021_ModelingandOptimizationofBiocharBasedAdsorbent.pdf |
| _version_ | 1796866028540526592 |
|---|---|
| author | Hezam Saeed, Anwar Ameen Yub Harun, Noorfidza Sufian, Suriati Bilad, Muhammad Roil Baiq, Asma Nufida Ismail, Noor Maizura Zakaria, Zaki Yamani Jagaba, Ahmad Hussaini Saeed Ghaleb, Aiban Abdulhakim Al-Dhawi, Baker Nasser Saleh |
| author_facet | Hezam Saeed, Anwar Ameen Yub Harun, Noorfidza Sufian, Suriati Bilad, Muhammad Roil Baiq, Asma Nufida Ismail, Noor Maizura Zakaria, Zaki Yamani Jagaba, Ahmad Hussaini Saeed Ghaleb, Aiban Abdulhakim Al-Dhawi, Baker Nasser Saleh |
| author_sort | Hezam Saeed, Anwar Ameen |
| collection | ePrints |
| description | Cadmium is one of the most hazardous metals in the environment, even when present at very low concentrations. This study reports the systematic development of Kenaf fiber biochar as an adsorbent for the removal of cadmium (Cd) (II) ions from water. The adsorbent development was aided by an optimization tool. Activated biochar was prepared using the physicochemical activation method, consisting of pre-impregnation with NaOH and nitrogen (N2) pyrolysis. The influence of the preparation parameters—namely, chemical impregnation (NaOH: KF), pyrolysis temperature, and pyrolysis time on biochar yield, removal rate, and the adsorption capacity of Cd (II) ions—was investigated. From the experimental data, some quadratic correlation models were developed according to the central composite design. All models demonstrated a good fit with the experimental data. The experimental results revealed that the pyrolysis temperature and heating time were the main factors that affected the yield of biochar and had a positive effect on the Cd (II) ions’ removal rate and adsorption capacity. The impregnation ratio also showed a positive effect on the specific surface area of the biochar, removal rate, and adsorption capacity of cadmium, with a negligible effect on the biochar yield. The optimal biochar-based adsorbent was obtained under the following conditions: 550C of pyrolysis temperature, 180 min of heating time, and a 1:1 NaOH impregnation ratio. The optimum adsorbent showed 28.60% biochar yield, 69.82% Cd (II) ions removal, 23.48 mg/g of adsorption capacity, and 160.44 m2/g of biochar-specific area. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-05T21:06:04Z |
| format | Article |
| id | utm.eprints-95477 |
| institution | Universiti Teknologi Malaysia - ePrints |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-05T21:06:04Z |
| publishDate | 2021 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | dspace |
| spelling | utm.eprints-954772022-05-31T12:45:14Z http://eprints.utm.my/95477/ Modeling and optimization of biochar based adsorbent derived from Kenaf using response surface methodology on adsorption of Cd2+ Hezam Saeed, Anwar Ameen Yub Harun, Noorfidza Sufian, Suriati Bilad, Muhammad Roil Baiq, Asma Nufida Ismail, Noor Maizura Zakaria, Zaki Yamani Jagaba, Ahmad Hussaini Saeed Ghaleb, Aiban Abdulhakim Al-Dhawi, Baker Nasser Saleh TP Chemical technology Cadmium is one of the most hazardous metals in the environment, even when present at very low concentrations. This study reports the systematic development of Kenaf fiber biochar as an adsorbent for the removal of cadmium (Cd) (II) ions from water. The adsorbent development was aided by an optimization tool. Activated biochar was prepared using the physicochemical activation method, consisting of pre-impregnation with NaOH and nitrogen (N2) pyrolysis. The influence of the preparation parameters—namely, chemical impregnation (NaOH: KF), pyrolysis temperature, and pyrolysis time on biochar yield, removal rate, and the adsorption capacity of Cd (II) ions—was investigated. From the experimental data, some quadratic correlation models were developed according to the central composite design. All models demonstrated a good fit with the experimental data. The experimental results revealed that the pyrolysis temperature and heating time were the main factors that affected the yield of biochar and had a positive effect on the Cd (II) ions’ removal rate and adsorption capacity. The impregnation ratio also showed a positive effect on the specific surface area of the biochar, removal rate, and adsorption capacity of cadmium, with a negligible effect on the biochar yield. The optimal biochar-based adsorbent was obtained under the following conditions: 550C of pyrolysis temperature, 180 min of heating time, and a 1:1 NaOH impregnation ratio. The optimum adsorbent showed 28.60% biochar yield, 69.82% Cd (II) ions removal, 23.48 mg/g of adsorption capacity, and 160.44 m2/g of biochar-specific area. MDPI AG 2021 Article PeerReviewed application/pdf en http://eprints.utm.my/95477/1/ZakiYamaniZakaria2021_ModelingandOptimizationofBiocharBasedAdsorbent.pdf Hezam Saeed, Anwar Ameen and Yub Harun, Noorfidza and Sufian, Suriati and Bilad, Muhammad Roil and Baiq, Asma Nufida and Ismail, Noor Maizura and Zakaria, Zaki Yamani and Jagaba, Ahmad Hussaini and Saeed Ghaleb, Aiban Abdulhakim and Al-Dhawi, Baker Nasser Saleh (2021) Modeling and optimization of biochar based adsorbent derived from Kenaf using response surface methodology on adsorption of Cd2+. Water (Switzerland), 13 (7). p. 999. ISSN 2073-4441 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w13070999 |
| spellingShingle | TP Chemical technology Hezam Saeed, Anwar Ameen Yub Harun, Noorfidza Sufian, Suriati Bilad, Muhammad Roil Baiq, Asma Nufida Ismail, Noor Maizura Zakaria, Zaki Yamani Jagaba, Ahmad Hussaini Saeed Ghaleb, Aiban Abdulhakim Al-Dhawi, Baker Nasser Saleh Modeling and optimization of biochar based adsorbent derived from Kenaf using response surface methodology on adsorption of Cd2+ |
| title | Modeling and optimization of biochar based adsorbent derived from Kenaf using response surface methodology on adsorption of Cd2+ |
| title_full | Modeling and optimization of biochar based adsorbent derived from Kenaf using response surface methodology on adsorption of Cd2+ |
| title_fullStr | Modeling and optimization of biochar based adsorbent derived from Kenaf using response surface methodology on adsorption of Cd2+ |
| title_full_unstemmed | Modeling and optimization of biochar based adsorbent derived from Kenaf using response surface methodology on adsorption of Cd2+ |
| title_short | Modeling and optimization of biochar based adsorbent derived from Kenaf using response surface methodology on adsorption of Cd2+ |
| title_sort | modeling and optimization of biochar based adsorbent derived from kenaf using response surface methodology on adsorption of cd2 |
| topic | TP Chemical technology |
| url | http://eprints.utm.my/95477/1/ZakiYamaniZakaria2021_ModelingandOptimizationofBiocharBasedAdsorbent.pdf |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT hezamsaeedanwarameen modelingandoptimizationofbiocharbasedadsorbentderivedfromkenafusingresponsesurfacemethodologyonadsorptionofcd2 AT yubharunnoorfidza modelingandoptimizationofbiocharbasedadsorbentderivedfromkenafusingresponsesurfacemethodologyonadsorptionofcd2 AT sufiansuriati modelingandoptimizationofbiocharbasedadsorbentderivedfromkenafusingresponsesurfacemethodologyonadsorptionofcd2 AT biladmuhammadroil modelingandoptimizationofbiocharbasedadsorbentderivedfromkenafusingresponsesurfacemethodologyonadsorptionofcd2 AT baiqasmanufida modelingandoptimizationofbiocharbasedadsorbentderivedfromkenafusingresponsesurfacemethodologyonadsorptionofcd2 AT ismailnoormaizura modelingandoptimizationofbiocharbasedadsorbentderivedfromkenafusingresponsesurfacemethodologyonadsorptionofcd2 AT zakariazakiyamani modelingandoptimizationofbiocharbasedadsorbentderivedfromkenafusingresponsesurfacemethodologyonadsorptionofcd2 AT jagabaahmadhussaini modelingandoptimizationofbiocharbasedadsorbentderivedfromkenafusingresponsesurfacemethodologyonadsorptionofcd2 AT saeedghalebaibanabdulhakim modelingandoptimizationofbiocharbasedadsorbentderivedfromkenafusingresponsesurfacemethodologyonadsorptionofcd2 AT aldhawibakernassersaleh modelingandoptimizationofbiocharbasedadsorbentderivedfromkenafusingresponsesurfacemethodologyonadsorptionofcd2 |