The impact of democracy, corruption and military expenditure on environmental degradation: Evidence from top six Asean countries
Purpose of the study:The current study aims to examine the relationship between corruption, democracy, military expenditure and environmental degradation in a panel of six ASEAN countries including Malaysia, Indonesia, Philippines, Thailand, Singapore and Vietnam using a panel data from...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Gyandhara International Academic Publications
2019
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| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://repo.uum.edu.my/id/eprint/27490/1/HSSR%207%204%202019%20333%20340.pdf |
| _version_ | 1825805658049478656 |
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| author | Zandi, Gholamreza Haseeb, Muhammad Zainal Abidin, Irwan Shah |
| author_facet | Zandi, Gholamreza Haseeb, Muhammad Zainal Abidin, Irwan Shah |
| author_sort | Zandi, Gholamreza |
| collection | UUM |
| description | Purpose of the study:The current study aims to examine the relationship between corruption, democracy, military expenditure and environmental degradation in a panel of six ASEAN countries including Malaysia, Indonesia, Philippines, Thailand, Singapore and Vietnam using a panel data from 1995 to 2017. Methodology:In addition, the current study is unique in applying the sophisticated methods of panel Fully Modified Ordinary Least Square (FMOLS) and Dynamic Ordinary Least Square (DOLS) that have been adopted in several earlier quality research. Main Findings:The results of panel estimations conclude that corruption, military expenditure,and democracy have a noteworthy and significant impact on carbon dioxide emission in ASEAN countries. The results of FMOLS and DOLS confirm that there is a positive and significant impact of military expenditure and corruption on carbon dioxide emission. However, we found a negative and significant impact of democracy on carbon dioxide emission in all selected ASEAN countries. Implications:In general, the consequences of both statistical estimations affirm that corruption, democracy,and military expenditure are the critical and noteworthy determinants of carbon dioxide emission in ASEAN nations. |
| first_indexed | 2024-07-04T06:35:51Z |
| format | Article |
| id | uum-27490 |
| institution | Universiti Utara Malaysia |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-07-04T06:35:51Z |
| publishDate | 2019 |
| publisher | Gyandhara International Academic Publications |
| record_format | eprints |
| spelling | uum-274902020-09-20T08:21:15Z https://repo.uum.edu.my/id/eprint/27490/ The impact of democracy, corruption and military expenditure on environmental degradation: Evidence from top six Asean countries Zandi, Gholamreza Haseeb, Muhammad Zainal Abidin, Irwan Shah HC Economic History and Conditions Purpose of the study:The current study aims to examine the relationship between corruption, democracy, military expenditure and environmental degradation in a panel of six ASEAN countries including Malaysia, Indonesia, Philippines, Thailand, Singapore and Vietnam using a panel data from 1995 to 2017. Methodology:In addition, the current study is unique in applying the sophisticated methods of panel Fully Modified Ordinary Least Square (FMOLS) and Dynamic Ordinary Least Square (DOLS) that have been adopted in several earlier quality research. Main Findings:The results of panel estimations conclude that corruption, military expenditure,and democracy have a noteworthy and significant impact on carbon dioxide emission in ASEAN countries. The results of FMOLS and DOLS confirm that there is a positive and significant impact of military expenditure and corruption on carbon dioxide emission. However, we found a negative and significant impact of democracy on carbon dioxide emission in all selected ASEAN countries. Implications:In general, the consequences of both statistical estimations affirm that corruption, democracy,and military expenditure are the critical and noteworthy determinants of carbon dioxide emission in ASEAN nations. Gyandhara International Academic Publications 2019 Article PeerReviewed application/pdf en https://repo.uum.edu.my/id/eprint/27490/1/HSSR%207%204%202019%20333%20340.pdf Zandi, Gholamreza and Haseeb, Muhammad and Zainal Abidin, Irwan Shah (2019) The impact of democracy, corruption and military expenditure on environmental degradation: Evidence from top six Asean countries. Humanities & Social Sciences Reviews, 7 (4). pp. 333-340. ISSN 2395-6518 http://doi.org/10.18510/hssr.2019.7443 doi:10.18510/hssr.2019.7443 doi:10.18510/hssr.2019.7443 |
| spellingShingle | HC Economic History and Conditions Zandi, Gholamreza Haseeb, Muhammad Zainal Abidin, Irwan Shah The impact of democracy, corruption and military expenditure on environmental degradation: Evidence from top six Asean countries |
| title | The impact of democracy, corruption and military expenditure on environmental degradation: Evidence from top six Asean countries |
| title_full | The impact of democracy, corruption and military expenditure on environmental degradation: Evidence from top six Asean countries |
| title_fullStr | The impact of democracy, corruption and military expenditure on environmental degradation: Evidence from top six Asean countries |
| title_full_unstemmed | The impact of democracy, corruption and military expenditure on environmental degradation: Evidence from top six Asean countries |
| title_short | The impact of democracy, corruption and military expenditure on environmental degradation: Evidence from top six Asean countries |
| title_sort | impact of democracy corruption and military expenditure on environmental degradation evidence from top six asean countries |
| topic | HC Economic History and Conditions |
| url | https://repo.uum.edu.my/id/eprint/27490/1/HSSR%207%204%202019%20333%20340.pdf |
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