Mean Years of Schooling Inequality and Return on Education: Analysing the Main Determining Factors
Education is a determining factor in human development. West Java had a mean year of schooling (MYS) of around 8.37 years in 2019, which is still below the compulsory primary school. This study aims to find out the factors that can be attributed to low MYS. Ten variables influence the MYS. Principal...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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UUM Press
2023
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| Online Access: | https://repo.uum.edu.my/id/eprint/30061/1/JES%2005%2001%202023%2043-58.pdf https://doi.org/10.32890/jes2023.5.1.4 |
| _version_ | 1803629798862356480 |
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| author | Riyadi, Deden Rizal Hendajany, Nenny Kamaruddin, Roslina |
| author_facet | Riyadi, Deden Rizal Hendajany, Nenny Kamaruddin, Roslina |
| author_sort | Riyadi, Deden Rizal |
| collection | UUM |
| description | Education is a determining factor in human development. West Java had a mean year of schooling (MYS) of around 8.37 years in 2019, which is still below the compulsory primary school. This study aims to find out the factors that can be attributed to low MYS. Ten variables influence the MYS. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) method was used to simplify the observed variables by reducing the dimensions. The result reduces ten variables to two factors containing five variables. The first factor is infrastructure (road access, distance to schools, and health centres) and the second factor is income (RMW and GRDP). These two factors significantly influence the MYS. This MYS, in turn, directly affects people’s food consumption. A higher percentage of income for non-food represents a higher return to education. Districts have a lower return on education than cities. Two factors (infrastructure and income) do not directly affect the percentage of people’s income for food but are affected through MYS. The central and provincial governments need to pay more attention to districts with an agricultural base on the availability of school infrastructure. In addition, it is necessary to increase people’s income by providing better road access to reach better education. |
| first_indexed | 2024-07-04T06:43:35Z |
| format | Article |
| id | uum-30061 |
| institution | Universiti Utara Malaysia |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-07-04T06:43:35Z |
| publishDate | 2023 |
| publisher | UUM Press |
| record_format | dspace |
| spelling | uum-300612023-11-28T13:41:42Z https://repo.uum.edu.my/id/eprint/30061/ Mean Years of Schooling Inequality and Return on Education: Analysing the Main Determining Factors Riyadi, Deden Rizal Hendajany, Nenny Kamaruddin, Roslina HG Finance Education is a determining factor in human development. West Java had a mean year of schooling (MYS) of around 8.37 years in 2019, which is still below the compulsory primary school. This study aims to find out the factors that can be attributed to low MYS. Ten variables influence the MYS. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) method was used to simplify the observed variables by reducing the dimensions. The result reduces ten variables to two factors containing five variables. The first factor is infrastructure (road access, distance to schools, and health centres) and the second factor is income (RMW and GRDP). These two factors significantly influence the MYS. This MYS, in turn, directly affects people’s food consumption. A higher percentage of income for non-food represents a higher return to education. Districts have a lower return on education than cities. Two factors (infrastructure and income) do not directly affect the percentage of people’s income for food but are affected through MYS. The central and provincial governments need to pay more attention to districts with an agricultural base on the availability of school infrastructure. In addition, it is necessary to increase people’s income by providing better road access to reach better education. UUM Press 2023 Article PeerReviewed application/pdf en cc4_by https://repo.uum.edu.my/id/eprint/30061/1/JES%2005%2001%202023%2043-58.pdf Riyadi, Deden Rizal and Hendajany, Nenny and Kamaruddin, Roslina (2023) Mean Years of Schooling Inequality and Return on Education: Analysing the Main Determining Factors. Journal of Economics and Sustainability (JES), 5 (1). pp. 43-58. ISSN 2637-1294 https://e-journal.uum.edu.my/index.php/jes/article/view/17126 https://doi.org/10.32890/jes2023.5.1.4 https://doi.org/10.32890/jes2023.5.1.4 |
| spellingShingle | HG Finance Riyadi, Deden Rizal Hendajany, Nenny Kamaruddin, Roslina Mean Years of Schooling Inequality and Return on Education: Analysing the Main Determining Factors |
| title | Mean Years of Schooling Inequality and Return on Education: Analysing the Main Determining Factors |
| title_full | Mean Years of Schooling Inequality and Return on Education: Analysing the Main Determining Factors |
| title_fullStr | Mean Years of Schooling Inequality and Return on Education: Analysing the Main Determining Factors |
| title_full_unstemmed | Mean Years of Schooling Inequality and Return on Education: Analysing the Main Determining Factors |
| title_short | Mean Years of Schooling Inequality and Return on Education: Analysing the Main Determining Factors |
| title_sort | mean years of schooling inequality and return on education analysing the main determining factors |
| topic | HG Finance |
| url | https://repo.uum.edu.my/id/eprint/30061/1/JES%2005%2001%202023%2043-58.pdf https://doi.org/10.32890/jes2023.5.1.4 |
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