Stroking modulates noxious-evoked brain activity in human infants by Gursul, D, Goksan, S, Hartley, C, Shmidt Mellado, G, Moultrie, F, Hoskin, A, Adams, E, Hathway, G, Walker, S, McGlone, F, Slater, R

Changing balance of spinal cord excitability and nociceptive brain activity in early human development by Slater, R, Hartley, C, Moultrie, F, Gursul, D, Hoskin, A, Adams, E, Rogers, R

“…In 40 infants aged 28–42 weeks’ gestation, we examined the relationship between nociceptive brain activity and spinal reflex withdrawal activity in response to a clinically essential noxious procedure. …”

The impact of premature extrauterine exposure on infants’ stimulus-evoked brain activity across multiple sensory systems by Schmidt Mellado, G, Pillay, K, Adams, E, Alarcon, A, Andritsou, F, Cobo, MM, Evans Fry, R, Fitzgibbon, S, Moultrie, F, Baxter, L, Slater, R

The effect of acute respiratory events and respiratory stimulants on EEG-recorded brain activity in neonates: a systematic review by Usman, F, Marchant, S, Baxter, L, Salihu, HM, Aliyu, MH, Adams, E, Hartley, C

“…</p> <p><strong>Methods:</strong> Studies examining respiration and EEG-recorded brain activity in human neonates between 28 and 42 weeks postmenstrual age were included. …”

Early life inflammation is associated with spinal cord excitability and nociceptive sensitivity in human infants by Cobo, MM, Green, G, Andritsou, F, Baxter, L, Evans Fry, R, Grabbe, A, Gursul, D, Hoskin, A, Mellado, GS, van der Vaart, M, Adams, E, Bhatt, A, Denk, F, Hartley, C, Slater, R

“…We present evidence that neonatal inflammation (assessed by measuring C-reactive protein levels) is associated with increased spinal cord excitability and evoked brain activity following both tactile and noxious stimulation. …”

Behavioural discrimination of noxious stimuli in infants is dependent on brain maturation by Green, G, Hartley, C, Hoskin, A, Duff, E, Shriver, A, Wilkinson, D, Adams, E, Rogers, R, Moultrie, F, Slater, R

“…However, studies of early human brain development suggest that premature infants aged less than 34 weeks' gestation do not display discriminative brain activity patterns to equally salient noxious and innocuous events. …”

Premature infants display discriminable behavioral, physiological, and brain responses to noxious and nonnoxious stimuli by van der Vaart, M, Hartley, C, Baxter, L, Schmidt Mellado, G, Andritsou, F, Cobo, MM, Fry, RE, Adams, E, Fitzgibbon, S, Slater, R

“…A classifier was trained to discriminate responses to a noxious heel lance from a nonnoxious control in 47 infants, using measures of facial expression, brain activity, heart rate, and limb withdrawal, and tested in two independent cohorts with a total of 98 infants. …”

Multicentre, randomised controlled trial to investigate the effects of parental touch on relieving acute procedural pain in neonates (Petal) by Cobo, MM, Moultrie, F, Hauck, AGV, Crankshaw, D, Monk, V, Hartley, C, Evans Fry, R, Robinson, S, van der Vaart, M, Baxter, L, Adams, E, Poorun, R, Bhatt, A, Slater, R

“…The primary outcome will be the reduction of noxious-evoked brain activity in response to a heel lance. Secondary outcomes will be a reduction in clinical pain scores (Premature Infant Pain Profile-Revised), postprocedural tachycardia and parental anxiety.…”

Effect of parental touch on relieving acute procedural pain in neonates and parental anxiety (Petal): a multicentre, randomised controlled trial in the UK by Hauck, AGV, van der Vaart, M, Adams, E, Baxter, L, Bhatt, A, Crankshaw, D, Dhami, A, Evans Fry, R, Freire, MBO, Hartley, C, Mansfield, RC, Marchant, S, Monk, V, Moultrie, F, Peck, M, Robinson, S, Yong, J, Poorun, R, Cobo, MM, Slater, R

“…The primary outcome measure was the magnitude of noxious-evoked brain activity in response to the heel lance measured with electroencephalography (EEG). …”

Analgesic efficacy and safety of morphine in the Procedural Pain in Premature Infants (Poppi) study: randomised placebo-controlled trial by Hartley, C, Moultrie, F, Hoskin, A, Green, G, Monk, V, Bell, J, King, A, Buckle, M, van Der Vaart, M, Gursul, D, Goksan, S, Juszczak, E, Norman, J, Rogers, R, Patel, C, Adams, E, Slater, R

“…The co-primary outcome measures were the Premature Infant Pain Profile–Revised (PIPP-R) score after retinopathy of prematurity screening and the magnitude of noxious-evoked brain activity after heel lancing. Secondary outcome measures assessed physiological stability and safety. …”

Analgesic efficacy and safety of morphine in the Procedural Pain in Premature Infants (Poppi) study: randomised placebo-controlled trial by Hartley, C, Moultrie, FA, Hoskin, A, Green, G, Monk, V, Bell, JL, King, AR, Buckle, M, Van Der Vaart, ML, Gursul, D, Goksan, S, Juszczak, ER, Norman, J, Rogers, R, Patel, CK, Adams, E, Slater, RLEA

“…The co-primary outcomes were the Premature Infant Pain Profile-Revised (PIPP-R) score after ROP screening and the magnitude of noxious-evoked brain activity following heel lancing. Secondary outcomes assessed physiological stability and safety. …”

fMRI reveals neural activity overlap between adult and infant pain by Goksan, S, Hartley, C, Clare, S, Jenkinson, M, Tracey, I, Slater, R, Emery, F, Cockrill, N, Poorun, R, Moultrie, F, Rogers, R, Campbell, J, Sanders, M, Adams, E

“…Significant infant brain activity was observed in 18 of the 20 active adult brain regions but not in the infant amygdala or orbitofrontal cortex. …”

Quantifying individual noxious-evoked baseline sensitivity to optimise analgesic trials in neonates by Cobo, MM, Hartley, C, Gursul, D, Andritsou, F, van der Vaart, M, Schmidt Mellado, G, Baxter, L, Duff, EP, Buckle, M, Evans Fry, R, Green, G, Hoskin, A, Rogers, R, Adams, E, Moultrie, F, Slater, R

“…EEG (electroencephalography)-derived measures of noxious-evoked brain activity can be used to assess analgesic efficacy; however, as variability exists in neonate’s responses to painful procedures, large sample sizes are often required. …”

A blinded randomised placebo-controlled trial investigating the efficacy of morphine analgesia for procedural pain in infants: Trial protocol by Slater, R, Hartley, C, Moultrie, F, Adams, E, Juszczak, E, Rogers, R, Norman, J, Patel, C, Stanbury, K, Hoskin, A, Green, G, Poppi Trial Team

“…The co-primary outcome will be the magnitude of nociceptive-specific brain activity evoked by a clinically-required heel lance. …”