Seebeck, Peltier and Thomson coefficient quanta in nanoscale conductors by Rudol'f A. Brazhe, Alena A. Grishina

“…It is shown that in ultrathin conductors whose transverse dimensions are commensurable with the De Broglie wavelength of an electron, the thermoelectric coefficients are quantized and do not vanish even at temperature equal to absolute zero. The results of the work can be useful in the calculation and design of nanoelectronic devices operating in the presence of temperature gradients.…”