Interferon-driven alterations of the host’s amino acid metabolism in the pathogenesis of typhoid fever by Blohmke, C, Darton, T, Jones, C, Suarez, N, Angus, B, Zhou, L, Hill, J, Clare, S, Kane, L, Mukhopadhyay, S, Schreiber, F, Duque-Correa, M, Wright, J, Roumeliotis, T, Yu, L, Choudhary, J, Mejias, A, Ramilo, O, Shanyinde, M, Sztein, M, Kingsley, R, Lockhart, S, Levine, M, Lynn, D, Dougan, G, Pollard, A

“…Corresponding alterations in tryptophan catabolites with immunomodulatory properties in serum of participants with typhoid fever confirmed the activity of this pathway, and implicate a central role of host tryptophan metabolism in the pathogenesis of typhoid fever.…”

Investigation of the role of typhoid toxin in acute typhoid fever in a human challenge model by Gibani, M, Jones, E, Barton, A, Jin, C, Meek, J, Camara, S, Galal, U, Heinz, E, Rosenberg-Hasson, Y, Obermoser, G, Jones, C, Campbell, D, Black, C, Thomaides-Brears, H, Darlow, C, Dold, C, Silva-Reyes, L, Blackwell, L, Lara-Tejero, M, Jiao, X, Stack, G, Blohmke, C, Hill, J, Angus, B, Dougan, G, Galán, J, Pollard, A

“…Salmonella Typhi is a human host-restricted pathogen that is responsible for typhoid fever in approximately 10.9 million people annually1. …”

Advancing the management and control of typhoid fever: A review of the historical role of human challenge studies by Waddington, C, Waddington, C, Darton, T, Darton, T, Woodward, W, Angus, B, Levine, M, Pollard, A, Pollard, A

Advancing the management and control of typhoid fever: a review of the historical role of human challenge studies. by Waddington, C, Darton, T, Woodward, W, Angus, B, Levine, M, Pollard, A

Mucosal-Associated Invariant T cells exhibit distinct functional signatures associated with protection against typhoid fever by Salerno-Gonçalves, R, Fresnay, S, Magder, L, Darton, TC, Waddington, CS, Blohmke, CJ, Angus, B, Levine, MM, Pollard, AJ, Sztein, MB

“…Here, we found that MAIT cells exhibit distinct functional signatures associated with protection against typhoid fever. We also observed that the cytokine patterns of MAIT cell responses, rather than the average number of cytokines expressed, are more predictive of typhoid fever outcomes. …”

Importance of Salmonella Typhi-Responsive CD8+ T Cell Immunity in a Human Typhoid Fever Challenge Model by Fresnay, S, McArthur, M, Magder, L, Darton, T, Jones, C, Waddington, C, Blohmke, C, Angus, B, Levine, M, Pollard, A, Sztein, M

“…Typhoid fever, caused by the human-restricted organism Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi (S. …”

Salmonella Typhi-specific multifunctional CD8+ T cells play a dominant role in protection from typhoid fever in humans by Fresnay, S, McArthur, M, Magder, L, Darton, T, Jones, C, Waddington, C, Blohmke, C, Angus, B, Levine, M, Pollard, A, Sztein, M

“… <p style="text-align:justify;"><b>Background:</b> Typhoid fever, caused by the human-restricted organism Salmonella Typhi (S. …”

Efficacy and immunogenicity of a Vi-tetanus toxoid conjugate vaccine in the prevention of typhoid fever using a controlled human infection model of Salmonella Typhi: a randomised controlled, phase 2b trial by Jin, C, Gibani, M, Moore, M, Juel, H, Jones, E, Meiring, J, Harris, V, Gardner, J, Nebykova, A, Kerridge, S, Hill, J, Thomaides-Brears, H, Blohmke, C, Yu, l, Angus, B, Pollard, A

“…Vi-TT use has the potential to reduce both the burden of typhoid fever and associated health inequality.The Bill &amp; Melinda Gates Foundation and the European Commission FP7 grant, Advanced Immunization Technologies (ADITEC).…”

Activation of Salmonella Typhi-specific regulatory T cells in typhoid disease in a wild-type S. Typhi challenge model. by McArthur, M, Fresnay, S, Magder, L, Darton, T, Jones, C, Waddington, C, Blohmke, C, Dougan, G, Angus, B, Levine, M, Pollard, A, Sztein, M

“…Typhi), the causative agent of typhoid fever, causes significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. …”

Challenge of humans with wild-type Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi elicits changes in the activation and homing characteristics of mucosal-associated invariant T cells. by Salerno-Goncalves, R, Luo, D, Fresnay, S, Magder, L, Darton, T, Jones, C, Waddington, C, Blohmke, C, Angus, B, Levine, M, Pollard, A, Sztein, M

“…In contrast, volunteers susceptible to the development of typhoid disease (TD) exhibited a sharp decline in circulating MAIT cells during the development of typhoid fever. Interestingly, MAIT cells from low-dose TD volunteers had higher levels of CD38 coexpressing CCR9, CCR6, and Ki67 during the development of typhoid fever than high-dose TD volunteers. …”

Oral challenge with wild-type Salmonella Typhi induces distinct changes in B cell subsets in individuals who develop typhoid disease. by Toapanta, F, Bernal, P, Fresnay, S, Magder, L, Darton, T, Jones, C, Waddington, C, Blohmke, C, Angus, B, Levine, M, Pollard, A, Sztein, M

“…In this model, 104 CFU of Salmonella resulted in 65% of participants developing typhoid fever (referred here as typhoid diagnosis -TD-) 6-9 days post-challenge. …”

An outpatient, ambulant-design, controlled human infection model using escalating doses of Salmonella Typhi challenge delivered in sodium bicarbonate solution. by Waddington, C, Darton, T, Jones, C, Haworth, K, Peters, A, John, T, Thompson, B, Kerridge, SA, Kingsley, R, Zhou, L, Holt, K, Yu, L, Lockhart, S, Farrar, J, Sztein, M, Dougan, G, Angus, B, Levine, M, Pollard, A

“…BACKGROUND: Typhoid fever is a major global health problem, the control of which is hindered by lack of a suitable animal model in which to study Salmonella Typhi infection. …”

Oral wild-type Salmonella Typhi challenge induces activation of circulating monocytes and dendritic cells in individuals who develop typhoid disease by Toapanta, F, Bernal, P, Fresnay, S, Darton, T, Jones, C, Waddington, C, Blohmke, C, Dougan, G, Angus, B, Levine, M, Pollard, A, Sztein, M

“…In this model, ingestion of 104 CFU of Salmonella resulted in 65% of subjects developing typhoid fever (referred here as typhoid diagnosis -TD-) 5-10 days post-challenge. …”