Earthquake Algorithm-Based Voltage Referenced MPPT Implementation through a Standardized Validation Frame by Alexandro Ortiz, Efrain Mendez, Israel Macias, Arturo Molina

“…This paper presents a new direct maximum power point tracking (MPPT) with a reference voltage (<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><msub><mi>V</mi><mrow><mi>r</mi><mi>e</mi><mi>f</mi></mrow></msub></semantics></math></inline-formula>) based on the metaheuristic earthquake algorithm (EA) where the optimization variable is the <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><msub><mi>V</mi><mrow><mi>r</mi><mi>e</mi><mi>f</mi></mrow></msub></semantics></math></inline-formula> for hard-switching converters. …”
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