Transmission dynamics and control of multidrug-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae in neonates in a developing country by Crellen, T, Turner, P, Pol, S, Baker, S, Nguyen Thi Nguyen, T, Stoesser, N, Day, N, Turner, C, Cooper, B

“…Multidrug-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae is an increasing cause of infant mortality in developing countries. We aimed to develop a quantitative understanding of the drivers of this epidemic by estimating the effects of antibiotics on nosocomial transmission risk, comparing competing hypotheses about mechanisms of spread, and quantifying the impact of potential interventions. …”

The impact of albendazole treatment on the incidence of viral- and bacterial-induced diarrhea in school children in southern Vietnam: study protocol for a randomized controlled tri... by Leung, J, Hong, C, Trung, N, Thi, H, Minh, C, Thi, T, Hong, D, Man, D, Knowles, S, Wolbers, M, Hoang, N, Thwaites, G, Graham, A, Baker, S

“…As a result of their cost-effectiveness, mass school-based deworming programs are becoming routine practice in developing countries. However, experimental and clinical evidence suggests that anthelmintic treatments may increase susceptibility to other gastrointestinal infections caused by bacteria, viruses, or protozoa. …”

Searching for the elusive typhoid diagnostic by Baker, S, Favorov, M, Dougan, G

“… <p style="text-align:justify;">Typhoid (enteric) fever is still a common disease in many developing countries but current diagnostic tests are inadequate. …”

Out of Asia: the independent rise and global spread of fluoroquinolone-resistant Shigella by Chung The, H, Baker, S

“…Shigella are ranked among the most prevalent aetiologies of diarrhoeal disease worldwide, disproportionately affecting young children in developing countries and high-risk communities in developed settings. …”

Kathmandu, Nepal: still an enteric fever capital of the world by Karkey, A, Aryjal, A, Basnyat, B, Baker, S

The emergence of rotavirus G12 and the prevalence of enteric viruses in hospitalized pediatric diarrheal patients in southern Vietnam. by Tra My, P, Rabaa, M, Vinh, H, Holmes, E, Hoang, N, Vinh, N, Phuong, LT, Tham, N, Bay, P, Campbell, J, Farrar, J, Baker, S

“…Diarrhea is a major cause of childhood morbidity and mortality in developing countries, and the majority of infections are of viral etiology. …”

Frequent co-infection among human group a rotaviruses in Thailand. by Rabaa, M, Dung, T, Duy, P, Bodhidatta, L, Swierczewski, B, Sessions, O, Mason, C, Baker, S

“…In addition to its cost, reduced vaccine effectiveness in developing country settings has contributed to its low uptake and the lack of government support for vaccination programs across Southeast Asia. …”

Microbiologic characterization and antimicrobial susceptibility of Clostridium tetani isolated from wounds of patients with clinically diagnosed tetanus. by Campbell, J, Lam, T, Huynh, T, To, S, Tran, T, Nguyen, V, Le, T, Nguyen, V, Parry, C, Farrar, J, Tran, T, Baker, S

“…Despite an effective vaccine, tetanus is an ongoing problem in some developing countries. Diagnosis by bacterial culture is not done because it is generally unnecessary and the entry of route of the bacteria can be inapparent. …”

The decline of typhoid and the rise of non-typhoid salmonellae and fungal infections in a changing HIV landscape: bloodstream infection trends over 15 years in southern Vietnam. by Nga, T, Parry, C, Le, T, Lan, N, Diep, T, Campbell, J, Hoang, N, Dung, LT, Wain, J, Dolecek, C, Farrar, J, Chau, N, Hien, T, Day, J, Baker, S

“…The etiological spectrum of bloodstream infections is variable between industrialized and developing countries and even within a defined location over time. …”

Environmental surveillance as a tool for identifying high-risk settings for typhoid transmission by Andrews, JR, Yu, AT, Saha, S, Shakya, J, Aiemjoy, K, Horng, L, Qamar, F, Garrett, D, Baker, S, Saha, S, Luby, SP

“…Enteric fever remains a major cause of morbidity in developing countries with poor sanitation conditions that enable fecal contamination of water distribution systems. …”

Epidemiological features and risk factors of Salmonella gastroenteritis in children resident in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. by Thompson, C, Phan, V, Le, T, Pham, T, Hoang, L, Ha, V, Nguyen, V, Pham, V, Nguyen, T, Cao, T, Tran, T, Nguyen, T, Dao, M, Campbell, J, Nguyen, T, Tang, C, Ha, M, Farrar, J, Baker, S

“…Non-typhoidal Salmonella are an important but poorly characterized cause of paediatric diarrhoea in developing countries. We conducted a hospital-based case-control study in children aged &lt;5 years in Ho Chi Minh City to define the epidemiology and examine risk factors associated with Salmonella diarrhoeal infections. …”

The genomics, evolution, and spread of Shigella species in Asia by Chung The Hao

“…<p>The bacterial genus Shigella remains a significant cause of diarrhoea in young children, particularly in tropical and developing countries. Effective clinical management and public health policy implementation require an in-depth understanding of the pathogen’s evolution and epidemiology. …”

Assessing gut microbiota perturbations during the early phase of infectious diarrhea in Vietnamese children. by The, H, Florez de Sessions, P, Jie, S, Pham Thanh, D, Thompson, C, Nguyen Ngoc Minh, C, Chu, C, Tran, T, Thomson, N, Thwaites, G, Rabaa, M, Hibberd, M, Baker, S

“…Diarrheal diseases remain the second most common cause of mortality in young children in developing countries. Efforts have been made to explore the impact of diarrhea on bacterial communities in the human gut, but a thorough understanding has been impeded by inadequate resolution in bacterial identification and the examination of only few etiological agents. …”

A changing picture of shigellosis in southern Vietnam: shifting species dominance, antimicrobial susceptibility and clinical presentation by Vinh, H, Nhu, N, Nga, T, Duy, P, Campbell, J, Hoang, N, Boni, M, My, P, Parry, C, Nga, T, Van Minh, P, Thuy, C, Diep, T, Phuong, LT, Chinh, M, Loan, H, Tham, N, Lanh, M, Mong, B, Anh, V, Bay, P, Chau, N, Farrar, J, Baker, S

“… <p style="text-align:justify;"> <b> Background:</b> Shigellosis remains considerable public health problem in some developing countries. The nature of Shigellae suggests that they are highly adaptable when placed under selective pressure in a human population. …”

Quantifying antimicrobial access and usage for paediatric diarrhoeal disease in an urban community setting in Asia by Le Thi Quynh Nhi, De Alwis, R, Lam, P, Hoa, N, Nhan, N, Le Thi Tu Oanh, Nam, D, Han, BN, Huyen, H, Tuyen, D, Duong, V, Lan, L, Tien, B, Tuyet, H, Le Hoang Nha, Thwaites, GE, Do Van Dung, Baker, S

“…Ease of antimicrobial access in developing countries is proposed to be a key driver of the antimicrobial resistance (AMR) epidemic despite a lack of community antimicrobial usage data. …”

High-throughput bacterial SNP typing identifies distinct clusters of SalmonellaTyphi causing typhoid in Nepalese children by Holt, K, Baker, S, Dongol, S, Basnyat, B, Adhikari, N, Thorson, S, Pulickal, A, Song, Y, Parkhill, J, Farrar, J, Murdoch, DR, Kelly, D, Pollard, A, Dougan, G

“…Typhi) causes typhoid fever, which remains an important public health issue in many developing countries. Kathmandu, the capital of Nepal, is an area of high incidence and the pediatric population appears to be at high risk of exposure and infection.…”

Non-typhoidal salmonella colonization in chickens and humans in the Mekong delta of Vietnam by Trung, N, Carrique-Mas, J, Nghia, N, Tu, L, Mai, H, Tuyen, H, Campbell, J, Nhung, N, Nhung, H, Minh, P, Chieu, T, Hieu, T, Mai, N, Baker, S, Wagenaar, J, Hoa, N, Schultsz, C

“…Salmonellosis is a public health concern in both the developed and developing countries. Although the majority of human non-typhoidal Salmonella enterica (NTS) cases are the result of foodborne infections or person-to-person transmission, NTS infections may also be acquired by environmental and occupational exposure to animals. …”

The evolutionary history of Shigella flexneri serotype 6 in Asia by Mai, S-NT, Bodhidatta, L, Turner, P, Wangchuk, S, Ha Thanh, T, Voong Vinh, P, Pham, DT, Rabaa, MA, Thwaites, GE, Thomson, NR, Baker, S, Chung The, H

“…Shigella flexneri serotype 6 is an understudied cause of diarrhoeal diseases in developing countries, and has been proposed as one of the major targets for vaccine development against shigellosis. …”

The gut microbiome of healthy Vietnamese adults and children is a major reservoir for resistance genes against critical antimicrobials by Pereira-Dias, J, Nguyen Ngoc Minh, C, Tran Thi Hong, C, Nguyen Thi Nguyen, T, Ha Thanh, T, Zellmer, C, Chung The, H, Pike, L, Higginson, EE, Baker, S

“…Our data support the generation of longitudinal cohort studies of those living in urban and rural areas of developing countries to understand the behavior of these AMR reservoirs and their role in generating multidrug-resistant and extensively drug-resistant pathogens. …”

Gatifloxacin versus chloramphenicol for uncomplicated enteric fever: an open-label, randomised, controlled trial. by Arjyal, A, Basnyat, B, Koirala, S, Karkey, A, Dongol, S, Agrawaal, K, Shakya, N, Shrestha, K, Sharma, M, Lama, S, Shrestha, K, Khatri, N, Shrestha, U, Campbell, J, Baker, S, Farrar, J, Wolbers, M, Dolecek, C

“…INTERPRETATION: Although no more efficacious than chloramphenicol, gatifloxacin should be the preferred treatment for enteric fever in developing countries because of its shorter treatment duration and fewer adverse events. …”