Respiratory risks from household air pollution in low and middle income countries by Gordon, S, Bruce, N, Grigg, J, Hibberd, P, Kurmi, O, Lam, K, Mortimer, K, Asante, K, Balakrishnan, K, Balmes, J, Bar-Zeev, N, Bates, M, Breysse, P, Buist, S, Chen, Z, Havens, D, Jack, D, Jindal, S, Kan, H, Mehta, S, Moschovis, P, Naeher, L, Patel, A, Perez-Padilla, R, Pope, D

“…A third of the world's population uses solid fuel derived from plant material (biomass) or coal for cooking, heating, or lighting. …”

Respiratory risks from household air pollution in low and middle income countries. by Gordon, S, Bruce, N, Grigg, J, Hibberd, P, Kurmi, O, Lam, K, Mortimer, K, Asante, K, Balakrishnan, K, Balmes, J, Bar-Zeev, N, Bates, M, Breysse, P, Buist, S, Chen, Z, Havens, D, Jack, D, Jindal, S, Kan, H, Mehta, S, Moschovis, P, Naeher, L, Patel, A, Perez-Padilla, R, Pope, D

“…A third of the world's population uses solid fuel derived from plant material (biomass) or coal for cooking, heating, or lighting. …”

Design and rationale of the HAPIN study: a multicountry randomized controlled trial to assess the effect of liquefied petroleum gas stove and continuous fuel distribution by Clasen, T, Checkley, W, Peel, JL, Balakrishnan, K, McCracken, JP, Rosa, G, Thompson, LM, Barr, DB, Clark, ML, Johnson, MA, Waller, LA, Jaacks, LM, Steenland, K, Miranda, JJ, Chang, HH, Kim, D-Y, McCollum, ED, Davila-Roman, VG, Papageorghiou, A, Rosenthal, JP

“…<br><strong>Background:<br></strong> Globally, nearly 3 billion people rely on solid fuels for cooking and heating, the vast majority residing in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). …”

A comparative risk assessment of burden of disease and injury attributable to 67 risk factors and risk factor clusters in 21 regions, 1990-2010: a systematic analysis for the Globa... by Lim, S, Vos, T, Flaxman, A, Danaei, G, Shibuya, K, Adair-Rohani, H, Amann, M, Anderson, H, Andrews, K, Aryee, M, Atkinson, C, Bacchus, L, Bahalim, A, Balakrishnan, K, Balmes, J, Barker-Collo, S, Baxter, A, Bell, M, Blore, J, Blyth, F, Bonner, C, Borges, G, Bourne, R, Boussinesq, M, Brauer, M

“…In 1990, the leading risks were childhood underweight (7·9% [6·8-9·4]), household air pollution from solid fuels (HAP; 7·0% [5·6-8·3]), and tobacco smoking including second-hand smoke (6·1% [5·4-6·8]). …”