Caregiving and illness beliefs in the course of psychotic illness. by Onwumere, J, Kuipers, E, Bebbington, P, Dunn, G, Fowler, D, Freeman, D, Watson, P, Garety, P

“…This study investigates associations between caregiving appraisals in psychosis, distress, and 3 key illness beliefs (consequences, cure-control, and timeline), and whether illness beliefs makes a contribution to the relation between negative caregiving appraisal and distress. …”

Attributional style in psychosis--the role of affect and belief type. by Jolley, S, Garety, P, Bebbington, P, Dunn, G, Freeman, D, Kuipers, E, Fowler, D, Hemsley, D

“…Freeman et al. (1998) suggested depressed and grandiose subgroups of those with persecutory beliefs might explain events differently. In this study, 71 participants completed measures of delusional beliefs, depression and attributional style. …”

Emotion and psychosis: links between depression, self-esteem, negative schematic beliefs and delusions and hallucinations. by Smith, B, Fowler, D, Freeman, D, Bebbington, P, Bashforth, H, Garety, P, Dunn, G, Kuipers, E

“…Mood, self-esteem and negative evaluative beliefs should be considered when conceptualising psychosis and designing interventions.…”

Delusional belief flexibility and informal caregiving relationships in psychosis: a potential cognitive route for the protective effect of social support. by Jolley, S, Ferner, H, Bebbington, P, Garety, P, Dunn, G, Freeman, D, Fowler, D, Kuipers, E

“…Methods. 219 participants with delusions (mean age 38 years; 71% male; 75% White) were grouped according to the presence of a caregiver (37% with a caregiver) and caregiver level of expressed emotion (High/Low EE, 64% Low). Delusional belief flexibility was compared between groups, controlling for interpersonal functioning, severity of psychotic symptoms, and other hypothesised outcome predictors. …”

Patients' beliefs about the causes, persistence and control of psychotic experiences predict take-up of effective cognitive behaviour therapy for psychosis. by Freeman, D, Dunn, G, Garety, P, Weinman, J, Kuipers, E, Fowler, D, Jolley, S, Bebbington, P

Jumping to conclusions, a lack of belief flexibility and delusional conviction in psychosis: a longitudinal investigation of the structure, frequency, and relatedness of reasoning biases. by So, S, Freeman, D, Dunn, G, Kapur, S, Kuipers, E, Bebbington, P, Fowler, D, Garety, P

“…Two reasoning biases, jumping to conclusions (JTC) and belief inflexibility, have been found to be associated with delusions. …”

Reasoning, emotions, and delusional conviction in psychosis. by Garety, P, Freeman, D, Jolley, S, Dunn, G, Bebbington, P, Fowler, D, Kuipers, E, Dudley, R

“…There was evidence that belief inflexibility mediated the relationship between jumping to conclusions and delusional conviction. …”

Delusions and decision-making style: use of the Need for Closure Scale. by Freeman, D, Garety, P, Kuipers, E, Colbert, S, Jolley, S, Fowler, D, Dunn, G, Bebbington, P

“…Clinicians and researchers have suggested that rapidity in belief formation, due to having a high 'need for closure' (NFC), may contribute to the acceptance of delusional explanations. …”

Differences in cognitive and emotional processes between persecutory and grandiose delusions. by Garety, P, Gittins, M, Jolley, S, Bebbington, P, Dunn, G, Kuipers, E, Fowler, D, Freeman, D

“…Reasoning biases were common in the whole group and in categorically defined subgroups with only persecutory delusions and only grandiose delusions; however, jumping to conclusions, and belief flexibility were significantly different in the 2 groups, the grandiose group having a higher likelihood of showing a reasoning bias than the persecutory group. …”

Cognitive Mechanisms of Change in Delusions: An Experimental Investigation Targeting Reasoning to Effect Change in Paranoia. by Garety, P, Waller, H, Emsley, R, Jolley, S, Kuipers, E, Bebbington, P, Dunn, G, Fowler, D, Hardy, A, Freeman, D

“…The primary hypotheses tested were that the reasoning training intervention, would improve (1) data gathering and belief flexibility and (2) delusional thinking, specifically paranoia. …”

Content and affect in persecutory delusions. by Green, C, Garety, P, Freeman, D, Fowler, D, Bebbington, P, Dunn, G, Kuipers, E

“…Detailed examinations of the phenomenology of delusional beliefs have been rare, but are important for furthering theoretical and clinical understanding. …”

A pilot validation of a modified Illness Perceptions Questionnaire designed to predict response to cognitive therapy for psychosis. by Marcus, E, Garety, P, Weinman, J, Emsley, R, Dunn, G, Bebbington, P, Freeman, D, Kuipers, E, Fowler, D, Hardy, A, Waller, H, Jolley, S

“…Additional predictors of outcome (delusional conviction, symptom severity and belief inflexibility) were assessed at baseline. Outcomes were assessed at baseline and at follow-up four to eight weeks later. …”

Content and affect in persecutory delusions by Green, C, Garety, P, Freeman, D, Fowler, D, Bebbington, P, Dunn, G, Kuipers, E

“…Detailed examinations of the phenomenology of delusional beliefs have been rare, but are important for furthering theoretical and clinical understanding. …”

The association between traumatic experience, paranoia and hallucinations: a test of the predictions of psychological models. by Gracie, A, Freeman, D, Green, S, Garety, P, Kuipers, E, Hardy, A, Ray, K, Dunn, G, Bebbington, P, Fowler, D

“…RESULTS: Associations were found between negative schematic beliefs, PTSD and predisposition to both paranoia and hallucinations. …”

A cognitive model of persecutory delusions. by Freeman, D, Garety, P, Kuipers, E, Fowler, D, Bebbington, P

“…Persecutory delusions are conceptualized as threat beliefs. The beliefs are hypothesized to arise from a search for meaning for internal or external experiences that are unusual, anomalous, or emotionally significant for the individual. …”

A cognitive model of persecutory delusions by Freeman, D, Garety, P, Kuipers, E, Fowler, D, Bebbington, P

“…Persecutory delusions are conceptualized as threat beliefs. The beliefs are hypothesized to arise from a search for meaning for internal or external experiences that are unusual, anomalous, or emotionally significant for the individual. …”

The Stress of the Street for Patients With Persecutory Delusions: A Test of the Symptomatic and Psychological Effects of Going Outside Into a Busy Urban Area. by Freeman, D, Emsley, R, Dunn, G, Fowler, D, Bebbington, P, Kuipers, E, Jolley, S, Waller, H, Hardy, A, Garety, P

“…RESULTS: Compared with staying inside, the street exposure condition resulted in significant increases in paranoia, voices, anxiety, negative beliefs about the self, and negative beliefs about others. …”

Understanding suicidal ideation in psychosis: findings from the Psychological Prevention of Relapse in Psychosis (PRP) trial. by Fialko, L, Freeman, D, Bebbington, P, Kuipers, E, Garety, P, Dunn, G, Fowler, D

“…Suicidal ideation was associated with depressed mood, anxiety, low self-esteem, negative illness perceptions, negative evaluative beliefs about the self and others and daily alcohol consumption. …”

Why do people with delusions fail to choose more realistic explanations for their experiences? An empirical investigation. by Freeman, D, Garety, P, Fowler, D, Kuipers, E, Bebbington, P, Dunn, G

“…Clinicians will need to develop plausible and compelling alternative accounts of experience in interventions rather than merely challenge patients' delusional beliefs.…”

Patient perceptions of caregiver criticism in psychosis: links with patient and caregiver functioning. by Onwumere, J, Kuipers, E, Bebbington, P, Dunn, G, Freeman, D, Fowler, D, Garety, P

“…Patients with lower levels of social functioning, higher levels of negative affect, and negative schematic beliefs about other people, tended to perceive greater criticism. …”