A tale of two civitates: on the origins and meaning of the concept of subsidiarity by Ortúzar M, P

“…Then it argues that Jewish intermediacy is the basis of Christian intermediacy, characterized by universalism and the belief on the already here presence of the kingdom of God, as developed by Jesus of Nazareth and Paul of Tarsus. Christian intermediacy, in turn, is presented as the basis for the Christian political ambivalence that characterizes patristic political thought, which considers the Roman Empire as both a providential instrument of God and a new Babylon. …”