Vitamin D deficiency in young African children by Mogire, RM, Muriuki, JM, Mentzer, AJ, Webb, E, Kimita, W, Macharia, AW, Ndungu, FM, Cutland, C, Sirima, S, Diarra, A, Tiono, AB, Lule, SA, Morovat, A, Madhi, SA, Bejon, P, Pettifor, JM, Eliott, A, Adeyemo, A, Williams, TN, Atkinson, SH

Estimating the burden of iron deficiency among African children by Muriuki, JM, Mentzer, AJ, Webb, EL, Morovat, A, Kimita, W, Ndungu, FM, Macharia, AW, Crane, RJ, Berkley, JA, Lule, SA, Cutland, C, Sirima, SB, Diarra, A, Tiono, AB, Bejon, P, Madhi, SA, Hill, AVS, Prentice, AM, Suchdev, PS, Elliott, AM, Williams, TN, Atkinson, SH

“…<br><strong>Background: </strong>Iron deficiency (ID) is a major public health burden in African children and accurate prevalence estimates are important for effective nutritional interventions. …”

Estimating the burden of iron deficiency among African children by Muriuki, JM, Mentzer, AJ, Webb, EL, Morovat, A, Kimita, W, Ndungu, FM, Macharia, AW, Crane, RJ, Berkley, JA, Lule, SA, Cutland, C, Sirima, SB, Diarra, A, Tiono, AB, Bejon, P, Madhi, SA, Hill, AVS, Prentice, AM, Suchdev, PS, Elliott, AM, Williams, TN, Atkinson, S

“…<p><strong>Background:</strong><br /> Iron deficiency (ID) is a major public health burden in African children and accurate prevalence estimates are important for effective nutritional interventions. …”

Malaria is a cause of iron deficiency in African children by Muriuki, JM, Mentzer, A, Mitchell, R, Ndungu, F, Snow, R, Hill, A, Rockett, K, Kwiatkowski, D, Bejon, P, Williams, T, Atkinson, S, Et al.

“…Malaria and iron deficiency (ID) are common and interrelated public health problems in African children. Observational data suggest that interrupting malaria transmission reduces the prevalence of ID1. …”

Iron status and associated malaria risk among African children by Muriuki, JM, Mentzer, AJ, Kimita, W, Ndungu, FM, Macharia, AW, Webb, EL, Lule, SA, Morovat, A, Hill, AVS, Bejon, P, Elliott, AM, Williams, TN, Atkinson, SH

“…</p><br/> <p><strong>Results</strong> At baseline, the prevalence of iron deficiency (ID) was 36.9% and 34.6% in Kenyan and Ugandan children, respectively. Iron deficiency anemia (IDA) affected 23.6% of Kenyan and 17.6% of Ugandan children. …”

Prevalence and predictors of vitamin D deficiency in young African children by Mogire, RM, Morovat, A, Muriuki, JM, Mentzer, AJ, Webb, EL, Kimita, W, Ndungu, FM, Macharia, AW, Cutland, CL, Sirima, SB, Diarra, A, Tiono, AB, Lule, SA, Madhi, SA, Sandhu, MS, Prentice, AM, Bejon, P, Pettifor, JM, Elliott, AM, Adeyemo, A, Williams, TN, Atkinson, SH

“…<strong>Background</strong> Children living in sub-Saharan Africa have a high burden of rickets and infectious diseases, conditions that are linked to vitamin D deficiency. …”

Interferon-gamma polymorphisms and risk of iron deficiency and anaemia in Gambian children by Abuga, K, Rockett, K, Muriuki, JM, Koch, O, Nairz, M, Sirugo, G, Bejon, P, Kwiatkowski, D, Prentice, A, Atkinson, S

“…<p><strong>Background:</strong> Anaemia is a major public health concern especially in African children living in malaria-endemic regions. Interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) is elevated during malaria infection and is thought to influence erythropoiesis and iron status. …”

Repeated clinical malaria episodes are associated with modification of the immune system in children by Bediako, Y, Adams, R, Reid, A, Valletta, J, Ndungu, F, Sodenkamp, J, Mwacharo, J, Ngoi, J, Kimani, D, Kai, O, Wambua, J, Nyangweso, G, De Villiers, E, Sanders, M, Lotkowska, M, Lin, J, Manni, S, Addy, J, Recker, M, Newbold, C, Berriman, M, Bejon, P, Marsh, K, Langhorne, J

“…BACKGROUND:There are over 200 million reported cases of malaria each year, and most children living in endemic areas will experience multiple episodes of clinical disease before puberty. …”

Vitamin D deficiency and its association with iron deficiency in African children by Mogire, RM, Muriuki, JM, Morovat, A, Mentzer, AJ, Webb, EL, Kimita, W, Ndungu, FM, Macharia, AW, Cutland, CL, Sirima, SB, Diarra, A, Tiono, AB, Lule, SA, Madhi, SA, Prentice, AM, Bejon, P, Pettifor, JM, Elliott, AM, Adeyemo, A, Williams, TN, Atkinson, SH

“…The link between vitamin D and iron status should be considered in strategies to manage these nutrient deficiencies in African children.…”

Endemic chikungunya fever in Kenyan children: a prospective cohort study. by Nyamwaya, DK, Otiende, M, Omuoyo, DO, Githinji, G, Karanja, HK, Gitonga, JN, R de Laurent, Z, Otieno, JR, Sang, R, Kamau, E, Cheruiyot, S, Otieno, E, Agoti, CN, Bejon, P, Thumbi, SM, Warimwe, GM

“…CHIKF incidence among children < 1 year of age was 1190 cases/100,000-person years and 63 cases/100,000-person years among children aged ≥10 years. …”

Malaria infection, disease and mortality among children and adults on the coast of Kenya by Kamau, A, Mtanje, G, Mataza, C, Mwambingu, G, Mturi, N, Mohammed, S, Ong'ayo, G, Nyutu, G, Nyaguara, A, Bejon, P, Snow, RW

“…Malaria mortality was highest among children aged 6&#xA0;months-4&#xA0;years at 0.57 per 1000 person-years (95% CI 0.2, 1.2). …”

Approaching the community about screening children for a multicentre malaria vaccine trial. by Lang, T, Gould, J, von Seidlein, L, Lusingu, J, Mshamu, S, Ismael, S, Liheluka, E, Kamuya, D, Mwachiro, D, Olotu, A, Njuguna, P, Bejon, P, Marsh, V, Molyneux, C

Interactions between age and ITN use determine the risk of febrile malaria in children by Bejon, P, Ogada, E, Peshu, N, Marsh, K

“…However, the more common practice in Sub-Saharan Africa is to target ITN distribution on young children. There are few data on the long term outcomes of this practice.Methodology/Principal Findings: Episodes of febrile malaria were identified by active surveillance in 383 children over 18 months of follow up. …”

Interactions between age and ITN use determine the risk of febrile malaria in children. by Bejon, P, Ogada, E, Peshu, N, Marsh, K

“…However, the more common practice in Sub-Saharan Africa is to target ITN distribution on young children. There are few data on the long term outcomes of this practice. …”

Hepcidin regulation in Kenyan children with severe malaria and non-typhoidal Salmonella bacteremia by Abuga, KM, Muriuki, JM, Uyoga, SM, Mwai, K, Makale, J, Mogire, RM, Macharia, AW, Mohammed, S, Muthumbi, E, Mwarumba, S, Mturi, N, Bejon, P, Scott, JAG, Nairz, M, Williams, TN, Atkinson, SH

“…We then assayed hepcidin and measures of iron status in five groups: (1) children with concomitant severe malarial anemia (SMA) and NTS (SMA+NTS, n=16); and in matched children with (2) SMA (n=33); (3) NTS (n=33); (4) cerebral malaria (CM, n=34); and (5) community-based children. …”

Seven year efficacy of RTS,S/AS01 malaria vaccine in young African children by Olotu, A, Fegan, G, Juliana, W, Nyangweso, G, Leach, A, Marc, L, Kaslow, D, Njuguna, P, Kevin, M, Bejon, P

“…</p> <h4>Results</h4> <p>We identified 1002 clinical malaria episodes among 223 children randomized to RTS,S/AS01 and 992 clinical malaria episodes among 224 children randomized to control vaccination over seven years follow-up. …”

HIV infection, malnutrition, and invasive bacterial infection among children with severe malaria by Berkley, J, Bejon, P, Mwangi, T, Gwer, S, Maitland, K, Williams, T, Mohammed, S, Osier, F, Kinyanjui, S, Fegan, G, Lowe, B, English, M, Peshu, N, Marsh, K, Newton, C

“…Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, malnutrition, and invasive bacterial infection (IBI) are reported among children with severe malaria. However, it is unclear whether their cooccurrence with falciparum parasitization and severe disease happens by chance or by association among children in areas where malaria is endemic. …”

Analysis of immunity to febrile malaria in children that distinguishes immunity from lack of exposure. by Bejon, P, Warimwe, G, Mackintosh, C, Mackinnon, M, Kinyanjui, S, Musyoki, J, Bull, P, Marsh, K

“…These observations suggest that most uninfected children were unexposed rather than "immune." Had they been immune, we would have expected the proportion of uninfected children to rise with age and that the uninfected children would have been distinguished from children with febrile malaria by the protective antibody response. …”

HIV infection, malnutrition, and invasive bacterial infection among children with severe malaria. by Berkley, J, Bejon, P, Mwangi, T, Gwer, S, Maitland, K, Williams, T, Mohammed, S, Osier, F, Kinyanjui, S, Fegan, G, Lowe, B, English, M, Peshu, N, Marsh, K, Newton, C

“… BACKGROUND: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, malnutrition, and invasive bacterial infection (IBI) are reported among children with severe malaria. However, it is unclear whether their cooccurrence with falciparum parasitization and severe disease happens by chance or by association among children in areas where malaria is endemic. …”

Approaching the community about screening children for a multicentre malaria vaccine trial by Lang, T, Gould, J, von Seidlein, L, Lusingu, J, Mshamu, S, Ismael, S, Liheluka, E, Kamuya, D, Mwachiro, D, Olotu, A, Njuguna, P, Bejon, P, Marsh, V, Molyneux, C