Hip fracture incidence in relation to age, menopausal status, and age at menopause: prospective analysis. by Banks, E, Reeves, G, Beral, V, Balkwill, A, Liu, B, Roddam, A

“…BACKGROUND: Bone mineral density is known to decrease rapidly after the menopause. There is limited evidence about the separate contributions of a woman's age, menopausal status and age at menopause to the incidence of hip fracture. …”

Menopausal oestrogen use and breast cancer. by Beral, V

Menopausal oestrogen use and breast cancer. by Beral, V

Combined estrogen-progestogen menopausal therapy by Anderson, G, Autier, P, Beral, V, Bosland, M, Fernández, E, Haslam, S, Kaufman, D, La Vecchia, C, Molinolo, A, Newcomb, P, Parl, F, Peto, J, Rosano, G, Roy, D, Stanczyk, F, Thomas, D, Vatten, L, Junghans, T, Olin, S, Shapiro, S, Stafford, R, Jameson, C, Meyer, J, Baan, R, Berthiller, J

Risk factors for cataracts treated surgically in post-menopausal women by Floud, S, Reeves, G, Beral, V, Green, J, Kuper, H

“…Objective: To identify risk factors for cataracts treated surgically in post-menopausal women. <br/>Design: Population-based, prospective cohort study. …”

Menopausal hormone therapy and 20-year breast cancer mortality by Beral, V, Peto, R, Pirie, K, Reeves, G

Breast cancer risk in relation to the interval between menopause and starting hormone therapy. by Beral, V, Reeves, G, Bull, D, Green, J

“…BACKGROUND: Although breast cancer risk is greater in users of estrogen-progestin than estrogen-only formulations of menopausal hormonal therapy, reports on their effects have been somewhat inconsistent. …”

Hormonal therapy for menopause and ovarian cancer in a collaborative re-analysis of European studies. by Negri, E, Tzonou, A, Beral, V, Lagiou, P, Trichopoulos, D, Parazzini, F, Franceschi, S, Booth, M, La Vecchia, C

“…Odds ratios (ORs) for HRT use were derived after allowance for study centre, age, socio-economic level, parity, menopausal status, type of menopause, age at menopause and oral contraceptive use. …”

Hormonal therapy for menopause and breast-cancer risk by histological type: a cohort study and meta-analysis. by Reeves, G, Beral, V, Green, J, Gathani, T, Bull, D

“…BACKGROUND: Little information is available on how the risk of breast cancer associated with the use of hormone therapy for menopause varies by histological type. We aimed to describe such associations for eight histological types of breast cancer. …”

Pooled analysis of 3 European case-control studies of ovarian cancer: II. Age at menarche and at menopause. by Franceschi, S, La Vecchia, C, Booth, M, Tzonou, A, Negri, E, Parazzini, F, Trichopoulos, D, Beral, V

“…In relation to age at menopause, compared with women whose menopause occurred at age 44 or earlier, the RR was 1.4 between 45 and 49, 1.6 between 50 and 52 and 1.9 above 52. …”

The effects of childbearing on women's body mass index, and on the risk of diabetes mellitus, or ischaemic heart disease after the menopause by Bobrow, K, Kirsten Bobrow

“…There is only limited evidence to suggest a direct effect of childbearing on women’s risk of diabetes after the menopause. There is statistically significant evidence of an association between childbearing and women’s risk of ischaemic heart disease after the menopause. …”

Menopausal hormone therapy and central nervous system tumor risk: Large UK prospective study and meta-analysis. by Benson, V, Kirichek, O, Beral, V, Green, J

“…Some have reported an increased risk in users of menopausal hormone therapy (HT) but evidence is limited. …”

Menopausal hormone therapy and risk of gastrointestinal cancer: Nested case-control study within a prospective cohort, and meta-analysis by Green, J, Czanner, G, Reeves, G, Watson, J, Wise, L, Roddam, A, Beral, V

Menopausal hormone therapy and risk of gastrointestinal cancer: nested case-control study within a prospective cohort, and meta-analysis. by Green, J, Czanner, G, Reeves, G, Watson, J, Wise, L, Roddam, A, Beral, V

“…Use of menopausal hormone therapy (HT) has been associated with reduced risk of colorectal cancer; evidence for its effect on other gastrointestinal cancers is limited. …”

Past cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 3, obesity, and earlier menopause are associated with an increased risk of vulval cancer in postmenopausal women by Barnes, I, Gaitskell, K, Beral, V, Green, J, Reeves, G, Coffey, K, Canfell, K

“…<br/>Interpretation: Past cervical pre-cancer, obesity, and earlier age at menopause are associated with an increased risk of vulval cancer at older ages.…”

Menarche, menopause, and breast cancer risk: individual participant meta-analysis, including 118 964 women with breast cancer from 117 epidemiological studies by Beral, V, Bull, D, Pirie, K, Reeves, G, Peto, R, Skegg, D, LaVecchia, C, Magnusson, C, Pike, M, Thomas, D, Hamajima, N, Hirose, K, Tajima, K, Rohan, T, Friedenreich, C, Calle, E, Gapstur, S, Patel, A, Coates, R, Liff, J, Talamini, R, Chantarakul, N, Koetsawang, S, Rachawat, D, Marcou, Y

“…Background Menarche and menopause mark the onset and cessation, respectively, of ovarian activity associated with reproduction, and affect breast cancer risk. …”

Impact of hormone replacement therapy on breast cancer by Gathani, T, Beral, V

“…The reproductive life of women is marked by menarche at puberty and menopause in middle age. The definition of menopause is the cessation of menstruation as a result of ovarian failure and signifies the end of a woman's reproductive life. …”

Reproductive history and pancreatic cancer incidence and mortality in a cohort of postmenopausal women. by Stevens, R, Roddam, A, Green, J, Pirie, K, Bull, D, Reeves, G, Beral, V

“…Pancreatic cancer incidence and mortality did not vary significantly with age at menarche, number of children, age at first birth, breast-feeding, type of menopause, age at menopause, or time since menopause. …”

Childbearing, breastfeeding, other reproductive factors and the subsequent risk of hospitalization for gallbladder disease. by Liu, B, Beral, V, Balkwill, A

“…Women's age of menarche and age at menopause did not alter the risk of gallbladder disease (P = 0.4 and P = 0.3, respectively for linear trend). …”

Reproductive factors and risk of oesophageal and gastric cancer in the Million Women Study cohort. by Green, J, Roddam, A, Pirie, K, Kirichek, O, Reeves, G, Beral, V

“…CONCLUSION: Both oesophageal and gastric cancer risks appeared to be related to menopausal status and age at menopause, but there was little consistent evidence for associations with factors related to childbearing.…”