Active Emergence from Propofol General Anesthesia Is Induced by Methylphenidate by Chemali, Jessica J., Van Dort, Christa J., Brown, Emery N., Solt, Ken

“…The objective of this study was to test the hypothesis that methylphenidate actively induces emergence from propofol general anesthesia. Methods: Using adult rats, the effect of methylphenidate on time to emergence after a single bolus of propofol was determined. …”
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Propofol and sevoflurane induce distinct burst suppression patterns in rats by Westover, M. Brandon, Ching, ShiNung, Brown, Emery N., Solt, Ken, Kenny, Jonathan Dillion

“…Finally, we report the results of our new study showing clear electrophysiological differences in burst suppression patterns induced by two common general anesthetics, sevoflurane and propofol. Our data suggest that the circuit mechanisms that generate burst suppression activity may differ among general anesthetics.…”
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Statistical modeling of behavioral dynamics during propofol-induced loss of consciousness by Wong, Kin Foon Kevin, Smith, Anne C., Pierce, Eric T., Harrell, P. Grace, Walsh, John L., Salazar-Gomez, Andres Felipe, Tavares, Casie L., Purdon, Patrick L., Brown, Emery N.

“…We studied induction and emergence from unconsciousness achieved by administering a computer-controlled infusion of propofol to ten human volunteers. We evaluated loss and recovery of consciousness by having subjects execute every 4 s two interleaved computer delivered behavioral tasks: responding to verbal stimuli (neutral words or the subject's name), or less salient stimuli of auditory clicks. …”
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Alpha thalamocortical networks during propofol general anesthesia and disorders of consciousness by Zhou, David Wei

“…The cortical source of propofol-induced alpha is structurally connected to the mediodorsal nucleus of the anterior thalamus, whereas regions that generate waking alpha are connected to the pulvinar nucleus of the sensory thalamus. …”
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Statistical Modeling of Disrupted Sensory Processing during Propofol Mediated Unconsciousness by Tauber, John

“…A critical component of general anesthesia is unconsciousness, during which patients are unaware of their environment. Propofol, the most widely used anesthetic agent, induces slow-oscillations in local-field potential (LFP) recordings. …”
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Linear and nonlinear quantification of respiratory sinus arrhythmia during propofol general anesthesia by Pierce, Eric T., Harrell, P. Grace, Walsh, John, Salazar, Andres F., Tavares, Casie L., Chen, Zhe, Purdon, Patrick Lee, Brown, Emery N., Barbieri, Riccardo

“…In this paper, we apply a point process method to assess dynamic RSA during propofol general anesthesia. Specifically, an inverse Gaussian probability distribution is used to model the heartbeat interval, whereas the instantaneous mean is identified by a linear or bilinear bivariate regression on the previous R-R intervals and respiratory measures. …”
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Thalamocortical model for a propofol-induced alpha rhythm associated with loss of consciousness by Ching, Shinung, Cimenser, Aylin, Purdon, Patrick Lee, Brown, Emery N., Kopell, Nancy J.

“…Recent data reveal that the general anesthetic propofol gives rise to a frontal α-rhythm [alpha rhythm] at dose levels sufficient to induce loss of consciousness. …”
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A Comparison of Propofol- and Dexmedetomidine-induced Electroencephalogram Dynamics Using Spectral and Coherence Analysis by Akeju, Oluwaseun, Pavone, Kara J., Westover, M. Brandon, Vazquez, Rafael, Prerau, Michael J., Harrell, Priscilla G., Hartnack, Katharine E., Rhee, James, Sampson, Aaron L., Habeeb, Kathleen, Lei, Gao, Pierce, Eric T., Walsh, John L., Brown, Emery N., Purdon, Patrick Lee

“…Background:: Electroencephalogram patterns observed during sedation with dexmedetomidine appear similar to those observed during general anesthesia with propofol. This is evident with the occurrence of slow (0.1 to 1 Hz), delta (1 to 4 Hz), propofol-induced alpha (8 to 12 Hz), and dexmedetomidine-induced spindle (12 to 16 Hz) oscillations. …”
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Dynamic Assessment of Baroreflex Control of Heart Rate During Induction of Propofol Anesthesia Using a Point Process Method by Chen, Zhe, Purdon, Patrick L., Harrell, P. Grace, Pierce, Eric T., Walsh, John, Brown, Emery N., Barbieri, Riccardo

“…To illustrate the application, we have applied the proposed point process model to experimental recordings from 11 healthy subjects in order to monitor cardiovascular regulation under propofol anesthesia. We present quantitative results during transient periods, as well as statistical analyses on steady-state epochs before and after propofol administration. …”
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Electrical Stimulation of the Ventral Tegmental Area Induces Reanimation from General Anesthesia by Solt, Ken, Van Dort, Christa J., Chemali, Jessica J., Taylor, Norman E., Kenny, Jonathan D., Brown, Emery N.

“…In separate experiments, stimulation was performed in the prone position during general anesthesia with isoflurane or propofol, and the electroencephalogram was recorded. …”
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Robust control of burst suppression for medical coma by Kim, Seong-Eun, Ching, ShiNung, Brown, Emery N., Westover, M. Brandon, Purdon, Patrick L.

“…The maximum hourly propofol dose was 4.3 [2.1, 10.3] mg kg[superscript −1] h[superscript −1]. …”
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A Brain-Machine Interface for Control of Medically-Induced Coma by Shanechi, Maryam M., Chemali, Jessica J., Liberman, Max, Solt, Ken, Brown, Emery N.

“…The BMI controlled an EEG-guided closed-loop infusion of the anesthetic propofol to maintain precisely specified dynamic target levels of burst suppression. …”
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Clinical Electroencephalography for Anesthesiologists by Purdon, Patrick L., Sampson, Aaron, Pavone, Kara J., Brown, Emery N.

“…Here in Part I, we review the biophysics of the electroencephalogram, and the neurophysiology of the electroencephalogram signatures of three intravenous anesthetics: propofol, dexmedetomidine and ketamine; and four inhaled anesthetics: sevoflurane, isoflurane, desflurane and nitrous oxide. …”
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A beamforming approach to phase-amplitude modulation analysis of multi-channel EEG by Sampson, A. L., Mukamel, Eran A., Babadi, Behtash, Prerau, Michael J., Brown, Emery N., Purdon, Patrick Lee

“…We apply this method to 64-channel EEG data recorded during propofol general anesthesia. The method improves the sensitivity of phase-amplitude analyses, and can be applied to a variety of multi-channel neuroscience data where phase-amplitude modulation is present.…”
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A unified point process probabilistic framework to assess heartbeat dynamics and autonomic cardiovascular control by Chen, Zhe, Purdon, Patrick Lee, Brown, Emery N., Barbieri, Riccardo

“…We here present a comprehensive review of the devised methods as applied to experimental recordings from healthy subjects during propofol anesthesia. Collective results reveal interesting dynamic trends across the different pharmacological interventions operated within each anesthesia session, confirming the ability of the algorithm to track important changes in cardiorespiratory elicited interactions, and pointing at our mathematical approach as a promising monitoring tool for an accurate, non-invasive assessment in clinical practice. …”
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Bayesian analysis of trinomial data in behavioral experiments and its application to human studies of general anesthesia by Purdon, Patrick Lee, Brown, Emery N., Wong, Kin Foon Kevin, Smith, Anne C., Pierce, Eric T., Harrell, P. Grace, Walsh, John L., Salazar, Andres Felipe, Tavares, Casie L., Cimenser, Aylin, Prerau, Michael J., Mukamel, Eran A., Sampson, Aaron

“…We show applications of this approach to an example of responses to auditory stimuli at varying levels of propofol anesthesia ranging from light sedation to deep anesthesia in human subjects. …”
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Instantaneous monitoring of heart beat dynamics during anesthesia and sedation by Valenza, Gaetano, Akeju, Oluwaseun, Pavone, Kara J, Citi, Luca, Hartnack, Katharine E, Sampson, Aaron, Barbieri, Riccardo, Purdon, Patrick Lee, Brown, Emery N.

“…Specifically, we compare the hemodynamic and autonomic effects in study participants undergoing propofol (PROP) and dexmedetomidine (DMED) administration. …”
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Robust spectrotemporal decomposition by iteratively reweighted least squares by Babadi, Behtash, Purdon, Patrick L., Brown, Emery N., Ba, Demba E.

“…We illustrate our technique on simulated and real human EEG data as well as on human neural spiking activity recorded during loss of consciousness induced by the anesthetic propofol. For the EEG data, our technique yields significantly denoised spectral estimates that have significantly higher time and frequency resolution than multitaper spectral estimates. …”
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Phase-based measures of cross-frequency coupling in brain electrical dynamics under general anesthesia by Wong, Kin Foon, Brown, Emery N., Purdon, Patrick Lee, Mukamel, Eran A., Prerau, Michael J.

“…SynchFastSlow, a metric that is used in clinical depth-of-anesthesia monitors, showed a robust correlation with the loss of consciousness at the induction of propofol GA, but this could be largely explained by power spectral changes without considering cross-frequency coupling. …”
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Tracking Brain States under General Anesthesia by Using Global Coherence Analysis by Pierce, Eric T., Walsh, John L., Harrell, P. Grace, Tavares-Stoeckel, Casie, Habeeb, Kathleen, Cimenser, Aylin, Purdon, Patrick Lee, Salazar-Gomez, Andres F., Brown, Emery N.

“…Using 64-lead EEG recorded from human subjects receiving computer-controlled infusions of the anesthetic propofol, we used surface Laplacian referencing combined with spectral and global coherence analyses to track the spatiotemporal dynamics of the brain's anesthetic state. …”
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