Treatment with an AMPA antagonist 12 hours following severe normothermic forebrain ischemia prevents CA1 neuronal injury. by Li, H, Buchan, A

Indefatigable CA1 sector neuroprotection with mild hypothermia induced 6 hours after severe forebrain ischemia in rats. by Colbourne, F, Li, H, Buchan, A

“…In the present study, a 48-hour period of mild hypothermia was induced starting 6 hours after 10 minutes of severe four-vessel occlusion ischemia in rats. …”

Roles of individual prolyl-4-hydroxylase isoforms in the first 24 hours following transient focal cerebral ischaemia: insights from genetically modified mice. by Chen, R, Nagel, S, Papadakis, M, Bishop, T, Pollard, P, Ratcliffe, P, Pugh, C, Buchan, A

Thrombolysis at 3-4.5 hours after acute ischemic stroke onset--evidence from the Canadian Alteplase for Stroke Effectiveness Study (CASES) registry. by Shobha, N, Buchan, A, Hill, MD

“…ECASS III examined a 3-4.5-hour window and showed a benefit to treated patients. …”

DELAYED TREATMENT WITH THE OMEGA-CONOPEPTIDE SNX-111 PREVENTS NEURONAL INJURY FOLLOWING TRANSIENT FOCAL ISCHEMIA AND UP TO 24 HOURS AFTER GLOBAL-ISCHEMIA by Buchan, A, Adams, B, Li, H, Huang, Z, Sun, P, Xue, D

A new model of temporary focal neocortical ischemia in the rat. by Buchan, A, Xue, D, Slivka, A

“…Three hours of ischemia followed by 21 hours of reperfusion resulted in infarction comparable to that caused by 24 hours of permanent ischemia. …”

Correlation of neurologic dysfunction with CT findings in early acute stroke. by Scott, J, Buchan, A, Sevick, R

“…OBJECTIVE: To determine the frequency of early computed tomographic (CT) findings of ischemia and their relationship to symptom duration and neurologic dysfunction within 3 hours of ischemic stroke. METHODS: The CT scans of 39 acute stroke patients were evaluated for signs of early ischemic change within 3 hours of symptom onset and without knowledge of the patient's neurologic deficit or results of a 24 hour follow-up post-thrombolysis CT. …”

Tissue plasminogen activator does not increase neuronal damage in rat models of global and focal ischemia. by Klein, G, Li, H, Sun, P, Buchan, A

“…Transient focal ischemia was induced in male spontaneously hypertensive rats subjected to middle cerebral artery clipping, with measurement of cortical infarct volume at 24 hours. tPA was administered in 1, 5, or 10 mg/kg doses given intravenously as a 10% bolus, 90% over the following hour, analogous to current human treatment protocols. …”

Time is brain: Post-marketing experience with alteplase (tPA) for acute ischemic stroke by Hill, MD, Barber, P, Demchuk, A, Buchan, A

“…This is likely due to alteplase being administered later during the 3-hour post-stroke treatment window, less uniform patient selection, and the difficulties typically experienced in applying complex technologies to clinical practice. …”

Differential effects of paracrine factors on the survival of cells of the neurovascular unit during oxygen glucose deprivation. by Redzic, Z, Rabie, T, Sutherland, B, Buchan, A

“…For some experiments, astrocyte-conditioned media, pericyte-conditioned media, and microglia-conditioned media, collected from the corresponding cell culture after six-hour oxygen glucose deprivation, were added to the media during oxygen glucose deprivation incubations. …”

Caspase inhibitors reduce neuronal injury after focal but not global cerebral ischemia in rats. by Li, H, Colbourne, F, Sun, P, Zhao, Z, Buchan, A, Iadecola, C

“…METHODS: Various regimens of z-VAD, z-DEVD, and control DMSO were given to rats subjected to either 4-vessel occlusion ischemia (4-VO, 10-minute occlusion, 7-day survival) or distal middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAo, 90-minute occlusion, 22.5-hour survival). In global ischemia, treatments were given immediately after ischemia (experiment 1) or as preischemic and postischemic treatments (experiment 2). …”

Continuing postischemic neuronal death in CA1: influence of ischemia duration and cytoprotective doses of NBQX and SNX-111 in rats. by Colbourne, F, Li, H, Buchan, A, Clemens, J

“…Finally, we determined whether NBQX (30 mg/kg x3 at 0 or 6 hours after ischemia), an AMPA antagonist, and SNX-111 (5 mg/kg at 6 hours after ischemia), an N-type Ca2+ channel antagonist, provided enduring CA1 protection against 10 minutes of ischemia. …”

Selection of acute ischemic stroke patients for intra-arterial thrombolysis with pro-urokinase by using ASPECTS. by Hill, MD, Rowley, H, Adler, F, Eliasziw, M, Furlan, A, Higashida, RT, Wechsler, L, Roberts, H, Dillon, W, Fischbein, N, Firszt, C, Schulz, G, Buchan, A

“…METHODS: Baseline and 24-hour follow-up CT scans of patients randomized within 6 hours of symptoms to intra-arterial thrombolysis with recombinant pro-urokinase or control in the PROACT-II study were retrospectively scored by using ASPECTS. …”

Assessing the clinical and cost-effective resource implications of mechanical thrombectomy for the treatment of acute ischaemic stroke within the NHS by Balami, JS

“…The mean cost was £14,369 (SD £6,664) after 24 hours until discharge from MT centre (2018 prices). …”

Biphasic opening of the blood-brain barrier following transient focal ischemia: effects of hypothermia. by Huang, Z, Xue, D, Preston, E, Karbalai, H, Buchan, A

“…This barrier opening had closed within 1 to 4 hours post-reperfusion. By 22 hours, the blood-brain barrier had re-opened, with further opening 22 and 46 hours (p < 0.01), resulting in edema. …”

Neuroprotection by dimethyloxalylglycine following permanent and transient focal cerebral ischemia in rats. by Nagel, S, Papadakis, M, Chen, R, Hoyte, L, Brooks, K, Gallichan, D, Sibson, N, Pugh, C, Buchan, A

“…DMOG after tMCAO significantly reduced the infarct volumes and improved behavior at 24 hours and 8 days and also improved the rCBF after 24 hours. …”

Neuroprotection by dimethyloxalylglycine following permanent and transient focal cerebral ischemia in rats by Nagel, S, Papadakis, M, Chen, R, Hoyte, L, Brooks, K, Gallichan, D, Sibson, N, Pugh, C, Buchan, A

“…DMOG after tMCAO significantly reduced the infarct volumes and improved behavior at 24 hours and 8 days and also improved the rCBF after 24 hours. …”

Tirilazad reduces cortical infarction after transient but not permanent focal cerebral ischemia in rats. by Xue, D, Slivka, A, Buchan, A

“…METHODS: Wistar rats (experiment 1) and spontaneously hypertensive rats (experiment 2) were subjected to 2 hours of transient middle cerebral artery occlusion followed by 22 hours of reperfusion and pretreated with 10 mg/kg i.p. tirilazad, vehicle, or saline. …”

Why are stroke patients excluded from TPA therapy? An analysis of patient eligibility. by Barber, P, Zhang, J, Demchuk, A, Hill, MD, Buchan, A

“…BACKGROUND: Thrombolytic therapy for acute stroke (<3 hours) will not have a major impact on death and dependency unless it is accessible to more patients. …”

A case of cocaine-induced basilar artery thrombosis. by MacEwen, C, Ward, M, Buchan, A

“… BACKGROUND: A 40-year-old man presented to an emergency department with slurred speech, diplopia and agitation several hours after cocaine use. His level of consciousness rapidly dropped in the hours following presentation. …”