Association between diabetes and cause-specific mortality in rural and urban China by Bragg, F, Holmes, M, Iona, A, Guo, Y, Du, H, Chen, Y, Bian, Z, Yang, L, Herrington, W, Bennett, D, Turnbull, I, Liu, Y, Feng, S, Chen, J, Clarke, R, Collins, R, Peto, R, Li, L, Chen, Z

“…Although diabetes was more common in urban areas, it was associated with greater excess mortality in rural areas.…”

Association of solid fuel use with risk of cardiovascular and all-cause mortality in rural China by Yu, K, Qiu, G, Chan, K-H, Lam, K-BH, Kurmi, OP, Bennett, DA, Yu, C, Pan, A, Lv, J, Guo, Y, Bian, Z, Yang, L, Chen, Y, Hu, FB, Chen, Z, Li, L, Wu, T

“…Design, Setting, and Participants This nationwide prospective cohort study recruited participants from 5 rural areas across China between June 2004 and July 2008; mortality follow-up was until January 1, 2014. …”

Epidemiology of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus in a rural state. by Polgreen, P, Beekmann, SE, Chen, Y, Doern, G, Pfaller, M, Brueggemann, A, Herwaldt, L, Diekema, D

“…Infection control personnel need to understand the epidemiology of MRSA and VRE across the continuum of care, including small rural hospitals, to develop effective control strategies. …”

Season and outdoor temperature in relation to detection and control of hypertension in a large rural Chinese population. by Su, D, Du, H, Zhang, X, Qian, Y, Chen, L, Chen, Y, Guo, Y, Bian, Z, Chen, Z, Li, L, Yu, M

“…METHODS: We analysed cross-sectional data of 57 375 (42% men) participants aged 30-79 (mean 52.3) years who were enrolled during 2004-08, as part of the China Kadoorie Biobank, from a rural county in the south-east costal Zhejiang Province. …”

Patterns and trends of alcohol consumption in rural and urban areas of China: findings from the China Kadoorie Biobank by Im, PK, Millwood, I, Guo, Y, Du, H, Chen, Y, Yang, L, Chen, Z

“…</p> <br/> <p><strong>Methods</strong></p> <p>In 2004–08, the China Kadoorie Biobank recruited ~ 512,000 adults (41% men, mean age 52 years [SD 10.7]) from 10 (5 urban, 5 rural) geographically diverse regions across China, with ~ 25,000 randomly selected participants resurveyed in 2013–14. …”

Frequency and types of clusters of major chronic diseases in 0.5 million adults in urban and rural China by Clarke, R, Bragg, F, Chen, Y, Yang, L, Chen, Z, Bennett, D

“…Multimorbidity was more common in men than women (12% vs 11%) and in those living in urban than in rural areas (12% vs 10%), and was inversely related to levels of education. …”

Use of drug treatment for secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease in urban and rural communities of China: China Kadoorie Biobank Study of 0.5 million people. by Chen, Y, Li, L, Zhang, Q, Clarke, R, Chen, J, Guo, Y, Bian, Z, Pan, X, Peto, R, Tao, R, Shi, K, Collins, R, Ma, L, Sun, H, Chen, Z

“…METHODS AND RESULTS: We analysed cross-sectional data from the China Kadoorie Biobank (CKB) of 512,891 adults aged 30-79 years recruited from 1737 rural and urban communities in China. Information about doctor-diagnosed ischaemic heart disease (IHD) and stroke, and the use of medication for the secondary prevention of CVD events, were recorded by interview. …”

Impacts of solid fuel use versus smoking on life expectancy at age 30 years in the rural and urban Chinese population: a prospective cohort study by Sun, Q, Sun, D, Yu, C, Guo, Y, Sun, D, Pei, P, Yang, L, Chen, Y, Du, H, Schmidt, D, Stevens, R, Kang, K, Chen, J, Chen, Z, Li, L, Lv, J

“…We aimed to evaluate the potential impact of household solid fuel use on LE in the rural and urban Chinese population, with the effect of smoking as a reference.…”

Developing visual messages to support liquefied petroleum gas use in intervention homes in the Household Air Pollution Intervention Network (HAPIN) trial in rural Guatemala by Hengstermann, M, Díaz-Artiga, A, Otzóy-Sucúc, R, Laura Maria Ruiz-Aguilar, A, Thompson, LM, Aravindalochanan, V, Balakrishnan, K, Barr, DB, Burrowes, V, Campbell, D, Campbell, JMP, Canuz, E, Castañaza, A, Chang, H, Checkley, W, Chen, Y, Chiang, M, Clark, ML, Clasen, T, Craik, R, Crocker, M, Davila-Roman, V, de las Fuentes, L, De Léon, O, Dusabimana, E, Elon, L, Espinoza, JG, Fuentes, ISP, Garg, S, Goodman, D, Gupton, S, Hardison, M, Hartinger, S, Harvey, SA, Herrera, P, Hossen, S, Howards, P, Jaacks, L, Jabbarzadeh, S, Johnson, MA, Jones, A, Kearns, K, Kirby, M, Kremer, J, Laws, M, Liao, J, Lovvorn, A, Majorin, F, McCollum, E, McCracken, J, Papageorghiou, A, Et al.

“…The House Air Pollution Intervention Network (HAPIN) randomized controlled trial is assessing the health effects of a liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) stove and 18-month supply of free fuel in 3,200 households in rural Guatemala, India, Peru, and Rwanda. Aims: We conducted formative research in Guatemala to create visual messages that support the sustained, exclusive use of LPG in HAPIN intervention households. …”

Use of drug treatment for secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease in urban and rural communities of China: China Kadoorie Biobank Study of 0.5 million people by Chen, Y, Li, L, Zhang, Q, Clarke, R, Chen, J, Guo, Y, Bian, Z, Pan, X, Peto, R, Tao, R, Shi, K, Collins, R, Ma, L, Sun, H, Chen, Z, Study, CKB

“…Methods and results We analysed cross-sectional data from the China Kadoorie Biobank (CKB) of 512,891 adults aged 30-79 years recruited from 1737 rural and urban communities in China. Information about doctor-diagnosed ischaemic heart disease (IHD) and stroke, and the use of medication for the secondary prevention of CVD events, were recorded by interview. …”

Cancer incidence and mortality: A cohort study in China, 2008-2013 by Pan, R, Zhu, M, Yu, C, Lv, J, Guo, Y, Bian, Z, Yang, L, Chen, Y, Hu, Z, Chen, Z, Li, L, Shen, H, China Kadoorie Biobank Collaborative Group

“…In this study, based on a national large prospective cohort-the China Kadoorie Biobank (CKB), we aimed to provide additional cancer statistics and compare the difference of cancer burden between urban and rural areas of China. A total of 497,693 cancer-free participants aged 35-74 years were recruited and successfully followed up from 2004 to 2013 in 5 urban and 5 rural areas across China. …”

Association between health insurance cost-sharing and choice of hospital tier for cardiovascular diseases in China: a prospective cohort study by Levy, M, Buckell, J, Clarke, R, Wu, N, Pei, P, Sun, D, Avery, D, Zhang, H, Lv, J, Yu, C, Li, L, Chen, Z, Yip, W, Chen, Y, Mihaylova, B

“…In rural areas, the effects of cost-sharing were modest, suggesting a greater contribution of other factors. …”

A comparison of the sources of cancer mortality in China by Yang, L, Parkin, D, Li, L, Chen, Y

“…Sex and region (urban/rural) specific age-standardized mortality rates from the CHIS dataset were, however, closer to those from the (1990–1992) national survey, than those calculated from DSP data. …”

Time trends in cancer mortality in China: 1987-1999 by Yang, L, Parkin, D, Li, L, Chen, Y

“…Between 1987 and 1999, the age-standardized mortality rates for all cancers combined declined slightly in rural areas but have increased since 1996 in urban areas. …”

Characteristics and correlates of sleep duration, daytime napping, snoring and insomnia symptoms among 0.5 million Chinese men and women by Chen, Y, Kartsonaki, C, Clarke, R, Guo, Y, Yu, C, Bian, Z, Jiange, Q, Li, S, Chen, J, Chen, Z, China Kadoorie Biobank Study

“…There is limited evidence, however, on characteristics and correlates of sleep patterns and of insomnia in urban and rural China. <strong>Methods</strong> This cross-sectional study, involving 512,891 adults aged 30-79 years from 10 (5 urban, 5 rural) diverse areas in China, recorded detailed information, using interviewer administered laptop-based questionnaires on sleep patterns (duration, daytime napping and snoring) and insomnia symptoms. …”

Factors associated with suicide risk among Chinese adults: A prospective cohort study of 0.5 million individuals by Yu, R, Chen, Y, Li, L, Chen, J, Guo, Y, Bian, Z, Lv, J, Yu, C, Xie, X, Huang, D, Chen, Z, Fazel, S

“…High-risk groups identified were elderly men in rural settings and individuals with mental disorders. …”

Socioeconomic differences in health-care use and outcomes for stroke and ischaemic heart disease in China during 2009-16: a prospective cohort study of 0·5 million adults. by Levy, M, Chen, Y, Clarke, R, Bennett, D, Tan, Y, Guo, Y, Bian, Z, Lv, J, Yu, C, Li, L, Yip, W, Chen, Z, Mihaylova, B, China Kadoorie Biobank Collaborative Group

“…Higher socioeconomic groups had higher hospitalisation rates, but the annual proportional increases were higher in those with lower education or income levels, those enrolled in the urban or rural resident health insurance scheme, and for those in rural areas. …”

Smoking and smoking cessation in relation to risk of diabetes in Chinese men and women: a 9-year prospective study of 0.5 million people by Liu, X, Bragg, F, Yang, L, Kartsonaki, C, Guo, Y, Du, H, Bian, Z, Chen, Y, Yu, C, Luv, J, Wang, K, Zhang, H, Chen, J, Clarke, R, Collins, R, Peto, R, Li, L, Chen, Z

“…Little is known about the association in China, where cigarette consumption has increased (first in urban, then in rural areas) relatively recently. Moreover, uncertainty remains about the effect of smoking cessation on diabetes in China and elsewhere. …”

Smoking, alcohol and diet in relation to risk of pancreatic cancer in China: a prospective study of 0.5 million people by Pang, Y, Holmes, M, Guo, Y, Yang, L, Bian, Z, Chen, Y, Iona, A, Millwood, I, Bragg, F, Chen, J, Li, L, Kartsonaki, C, Chen, Z

“…Among men, current regular smoking was associated with an adjusted HR of 1.25 (95% CI 1.08-1.44) for PC, with greater excess risk in urban than rural areas (1.46 [1.19-1.79] vs 1.04 [0.86-1.26]). …”

The distribution and correlates of self-rated health in elderly Chinese: the China Kadoorie Biobank study by Song, X, Wu, J, Yu, C, Dong, W, Lv, J, Guo, Y, Bian, Z, Yang, L, Chen, Y, Chen, Z, Pan, A, Li, L, China Kadoorie Biobank Collaborative Group

“…</p> <p><strong>METHODS:</strong> Survey of 57,693 men and 67,089 women aged 60 years and above was conducted in five rural (Gansu, Sichuan, Hunan, Henan, Zhejiang) and five urban areas (Heilongjiang, Shandong, Jiangsu, Guangxi, Hainan) in China between 2004 and 2008. …”