Update on the treatment of post-menopausal osteoporosis. by Cole, Z, Dennison, E, Cooper, C

DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF AN EPIDEMIOLOGICAL MODEL TO ESTIMATE THE BURDEN OF POST-MENOPAUSAL OSTEOPOROSIS by Gauthier, A, Kanis, J, Martin, M, Compston, J, Borgstrom, F, Cooper, C, McCloskey, E

A simple clinical score for estimating the long-term risk of fracture in post-menopausal women. by van Staa, T, Geusens, P, Kanis, J, Leufkens, H, Gehlbach, S, Cooper, C

Menopause, reproductive life, hormone replacement therapy, and bone phenotype at age 60-64 years: a British birth cohort by Kuh, D, Muthuri, S, Cooper, R, Moore, A, Mackinnon, K, Cooper, C, Adams, J, Hardy, R, Ward, K

“…Previous studies of menopausal age and length of reproductive life on bone are limited by retrospective reproductive histories, being cross-sectional, or lacking gold standard bone technologies or information on hormone replacement therapy (HRT) or surgical treatment.The objective of the study was to investigate age at menopause, length of reproductive life, and HRT use in relation to volumetric and areal bone mineral density (vBMD, aBMD), bone size, and strength in women aged 60-64 years.This was a birth cohort study that followed up for 64 years with prospective measures of age at menarche and menopause and monthly HRT histories.The study was conducted in England, Scotland, and Wales.Participants included 848 women with a known type of menopause and bone measures at 60-64 years.Peripheral quantitative computed tomography measurements of the distal radius total and trabecular vBMD were measured. …”

PREVALENT FRACTURES IN POSTMENOPAUSAL WOMEN BEING TREATED FOR OSTEOPOROSIS IN EUROPE: RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN TRAUMA TYPE, TIME RELATIVE TO MENOPAUSE, AND FRACTURE LOCATION by Roux, C, Cooper, C, Ortolani, S, Diez-Perez, A, Horne, R, Franchimont, N, Shepherd, S, Moeller, G, Freemantle, N

Reproductive history, hormonal factors and the incidence of hip and knee replacement for osteoarthritis in middle-aged women. by Liu, B, Balkwill, A, Cooper, C, Roddam, A, Brown, A, Beral, V

“…The adjusted relative risk (RR) of hip and knee replacement for osteoarthritis was examined in relation to parity, age at menarche, menopausal status, age at menopause and use of hormonal therapies. …”

Efficacy and safety of oral weekly ibandronate in the treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis. by Cooper, C, Emkey, R, McDonald, R, Hawker, G, Bianchi, G, Wilson, K, Schimmer, R

“…A multicenter, randomized, double-blind, noninferiority study was conducted in 235 women (53-80 yr old; time since menopause >/==" BORDER="0"> 3 yr) with postmenopausal osteoporosis [lumbar spine (L1-L4) bone mineral density (BMD) T-score …”

The relationship between endogenous estrogen, sex hormone-binding globulin, and bone loss in female residents of a rural Japanese community: the Taiji Study. by Yoshimura, N, Kasamatsu, T, Sakata, K, Hashimoto, T, Cooper, C

“…Participants with ovariectomy or hysterectomy were excluded, and the remaining participants were categorized into four groups: premenopausal ( n = 38), perimenopausal ( n = 14), postmenopausal group 1 (5 years or less since menopause; n = 18), and postmenopausal group 2 (6 years or more since menopause; n = 74). …”

Who is at risk of osteoporosis? by Dennison, E, Medley, J, Cooper, C

“…Some risk factors for fragility fracture act through bone mineral density (BMD), for example female gender, asian or Caucasian race, premature menopause, primary or secondary amenorrhoea, primary and secondary hypogonadism in men, prolongued immobilisation, low dietary calcium intake, vitamin D deficiency. …”

Cigarette smoking, birthweight and osteoporosis in adulthood: results from the hertfordshire cohort study. by Moinuddin, M, Jameson, K, Syddall, H, Sayer, A, Martin, H, Robinson, S, Cooper, C, Dennison, E

“…Participants completed a health questionnaire, and bone densitometry (DXA) of the lumbar spine and femoral neck performed.We found no relationships between cigarette and alcohol consumption, physical activity and either BMC or BMD after adjustment for age, body mass index, dietary calcium, social class, HRT use and years since menopause. However, male current smokers in the lowest third of birth weight had lower femoral neck BMD than ex- or never smokers from the lowest birth weight third (p value for interaction term = 0.04). …”

Epidemiology of fractures and assessment of fracture risk. by Black, D, Cooper, C

“…Sex hormone deficiency after the menopause is a key factor in the pathogenesis of osteoporosis in women. …”

Assessment of cardiovascular safety of anti-osteoporosis drugs by Fuggle, NR, Cooper, C, Harvey, NC, Al-Daghri, N, Brandi, M-L, Bruyere, O, Cano, A, Dennison, EM, Diez-Perez, A, Kaufman, J-M, Palacios, S, Prieto Alhambra, D, Rozenberg, S, Thomas, T, Tremollieres, F, Rizzoli, R, Kanis, JA, Reginster, JY

“…Despite findings in the early 21st century that menopausal hormone therapy was associated with coronary artery disease and venous thromboembolism (VTE), this therapy is now thought to be potentially safe (from a cardiac perspective) if started within the first 10 years of the menopause. …”

Obesity is not protective against fracture in postmenopausal women: GLOW. by Compston, J, Watts, N, Chapurlat, R, Cooper, C, Boonen, S, Greenspan, S, Pfeilschifter, J, Silverman, S, Díez-Pérez, A, Lindsay, R, Saag, K, Netelenbos, J, Gehlbach, S, Hooven, F, Flahive, J, Adachi, J, Rossini, M, Lacroix, A, Roux, C, Sambrook, P, Siris, E

“…Obese women with fracture were more likely to have experienced early menopause and to report 2 or more falls in the past year. …”

Risk of new vertebral fracture in the year following a fracture. by Lindsay, R, Silverman, S, Cooper, C, Hanley, D, Barton, I, Broy, S, Licata, A, Benhamou, L, Geusens, P, Flowers, K, Stracke, H, Seeman, E

“…RESULTS: Subjects were a mean age of 74 years and had a mean of 28 years since menopause. The cumulative incidence of new vertebral fractures in the first year was 6.6%. …”

Incidence and risk factors for clinically diagnosed knee, hip and hand osteoarthritis: influences of age, gender and osteoarthritis affecting other joints. by Prieto-Alhambra, D, Judge, A, Javaid, M, Cooper, C, Diez-Perez, A, Arden, N

“…CONCLUSIONS: The effect of age is greatest in the elderly for knee and hip OA, but around the menopause for hand OA. OA clusters within individuals, with higher risk of incident knee and hip disease from prevalent lower limb and hand OA.…”

Is screening for osteoporosis worthwhile? by Walker-Bone, K, Reid, D, Cooper, C

“…On current evidence, it is certainly not appropriate to target hormone replacement therapy for women at the menopause on the basis of a bone density screening programme. …”

Muscle size, strength, and physical performance and their associations with bone structure in the Hertfordshire Cohort Study. by Edwards, M, Gregson, C, Patel, H, Jameson, K, Harvey, N, Sayer, A, Dennison, E, Cooper, C

“…These associations were also seen in men and were maintained after adjustment for age, height, weight-adjusted-for-height, limb-length-adjusted-for-height, social class, smoking status, alcohol consumption, calcium intake, physical activity, diabetes mellitus, and in women, years since menopause and estrogen replacement therapy. Although grip strength showed similar associations with bone size and strength in both sexes, these were substantially attenuated after similar adjustment. …”

Peripheral quantitative computed tomography measures are associated with adult fracture risk: the Hertfordshire Cohort Study. by Dennison, E, Jameson, K, Edwards, M, Denison, H, Aihie Sayer, A, Cooper, C

“…Among women, radial cortical thickness (HR 1.72, 95% CI 1.16, 2.54, p=0.007) and cortical area (HR 1.91, 95% CI 1.27, 2.85, p=0.002) at the 66% slice were both associated with incident fractures; these results remained significant after adjustment for confounders (age, BMI, social class, cigarette smoking and alcohol consumption, physical activity, dietary calcium, HRT and years since menopause). Further adjustment for aBMD made a little difference to the results. …”

A study of relationships between single nucleotide polymorphisms from the growth hormone-insulin-like growth factor axis and bone mass: the Hertfordshire cohort study. by Dennison, E, Syddall, H, Jameson, K, Sayer, A, Gaunt, T, Rodriguez, S, Day, I, Cooper, C, Lips, M

“…In women, the mean BMC lumbar spine within the GHRH 11 genotype was 56.9 g, while that of the GHRH 12 genotype was 68.4 g [p < 0.001, fully adjusted for age, body mass index, cigarette and alcohol consumption, dietary calcium intake, physical activity, years since menopause, and hormone replacement therapy (HRT) use]; corresponding figures for BMD lumbar spine (GHRH 11 genotype) were 0.96 g/cm(2) versus 1.10 g/cm(2) (p < 0.001 fully adjusted). …”

The high bone mass phenotype is characterised by a combined cortical and trabecular bone phenotype: findings from a pQCT case-control study. by Gregson, C, Sayers, A, Lazar, V, Steel, S, Dennison, E, Cooper, C, Smith, G, Rittweger, J, Tobias, J

“…HBM cases had substantially greater trabecular density at the distal tibia (340 [320, 359] mg/cm(3)), compared to both family (294 [276, 312]) and population controls (290 [281, 299]) (p<0.001 for both, adjusted for age, gender, weight, height, alcohol, smoking, malignancy, menopause, steroid and estrogen replacement use). Similar results were obtained at the distal radius. …”