ON BLIND CRITICISM by Cowey, A

Colour correspondence in cortical colour blindness by Cole, G, Kentridge, R, Heywood, C, Cowey, A

Cortical color blindness is not "blindsight for color". by Heywood, C, Kentridge, R, Cowey, A

“…Cortical color blindness, or cerebral achromatopsia, has been likened by some authors to "blindsight" for color or an instance of "covert" processing of color. …”

Cerebral achromatopsia: colour blindness despite wavelength processing. by Cowey, A, Heywood, C

“…Cortical colour blindness is caused by brain damage to the ventro-medial occipital and temporal lobes. …”

Motion discrimination in cortically blind patients. by Azzopardi, P, Cowey, A

“…Some patients with brain damage affecting the striate cortex, though clinically blind in their field defects, can still discriminate visual stimuli when forced choice procedures are used. …”

Aware or unaware: assessment of cortical blindness in four men and a monkey. by Stoerig, P, Zontanou, A, Cowey, A

“…In four patients and one monkey with unilateral visual field defects caused by retro-geniculate lesions we measured forced-choice localization of square-wave gratings as a function of contrast, and compared results from the patients' absolutely and relatively blind fields. In addition, the patients indicated verbally whether they were aware of the stimuli. …”

A case study of cortical colour "blindness" with relatively intact achromatic discrimination. by Heywood, C, Wilson, B, Cowey, A

Magnetically induced phosphenes in sighted, blind and blindsighted observers. by Cowey, A, Walsh, V

“…Here we describe the spatial and motion properties of phosphenes produced by transcranial magnetic stimulation in normal subjects and in two subjects with peripheral or cortical blindness. The totally retinally blind subject experienced normal phosphenes, apart from their concentration in the centre of the visual field, whereas the hemianopic subject, lacking area V1, did not experience phosphenes when his surviving extrastriate visual areas were stimulated. …”

Chromatic Discrimination in a Cortically Colour Blind Observer. by Heywood, C, Cowey, A, Newcombe, F

Blindness to form from motion despite intact static form perception and motion detection. by Cowey, A, Vaina, L

“…Her performance with static displays, although impaired, could not explain her inability to perceive shape or derive meaning from moving displays. Unlike a motion-blind patient, she can still see and describe the motion, with the exception of second-order motion, but not what it creates or represents.…”

Auditory evoked visual awareness following sudden ocular blindness: an EEG and TMS investigation. by Rao, A, Nobre, A, Alexander, I, Cowey, A

“…Auditory processing is enhanced in blind compared to sighted people, and the enhancement might reflect encroachment of auditory transmission onto visual cortex. …”

PURKINJE-SHIFT IN THE BLIND HEMIFIELD OF MONKEYS WITH STRIATE CORTICAL ABLATIONS by Stoerig, P, Cowey, A

Transcranial magnetic stimulation of occipital cortex in a subject with blindsight and a subject with ocular blindness by Cowey, A, Walsh, V

Early auditory processing in area V5/MT+ of the congenitally blind brain. by Watkins, K, Shakespeare, T, O'Donoghue, M, Alexander, I, Ragge, N, Cowey, A, Bridge, H

“…Previous imaging studies of congenital blindness have studied individuals with heterogeneous causes of blindness, which may influence the nature and extent of cross-modal plasticity. …”

Are hemianopic monkeys and a human hemianope aware of visual events in the blind field? by Cowey, A, Alexander, I

“…Even when the target in the blind field was moving, it was categorized as a blank. …”

Comparing the visual deficits of a motion blind patient with the visual deficits of monkeys with area MT removed. by Marcar, V, Zihl, J, Cowey, A

“…Similarly, the tasks which the 'motion blind' patient found impossible or difficult were precisely those tasks on which monkeys lacking area MT performed poorly. …”

Pupillary responses to coloured and contourless displays in total cerebral achromatopsia. by Cowey, A, Alexander, I, Heywood, C, Kentridge, R

“…In two patients with total acquired cortical colour blindness and in six control subjects we studied the binocular pupillary response to a variety of sharply defined coloured and grey displays that either had the same mean luminance as the background (isoluminant) or were of greater mean luminance. …”

Behavioural and electrophysiological chromatic and achromatic contrast sensitivity in an achromatopsic patient. by Heywood, C, Nicholas, J, Cowey, A

“…RESULTS: The patient's chromatic contrast sensitivity was normal, indicating that despite his dense colour blindness his occipital cortex still processed information about spatial variations in hue. …”

Language networks in anophthalmia: Maintained hierarchy of processing in 'visual' cortex by Watkins, K, Cowey, A, Alexander, I, Filippini, N, Kennedy, J, Smith, S, Ragge, N, Bridge, H

“…Imaging studies in blind subjects have consistently shown that sensory and cognitive tasks evoke activity in the occipital cortex, which is normally visual. …”

Language networks in anophthalmia: maintained hierarchy of processing in 'visual' cortex. by Watkins, K, Cowey, A, Alexander, I, Filippini, N, Kennedy, J, Smith, S, Ragge, N, Bridge, H

“…Imaging studies in blind subjects have consistently shown that sensory and cognitive tasks evoke activity in the occipital cortex, which is normally visual. …”