Classification of lubricants base oils for nanolubricants applications—A review by G., Kadirgama, Mohd Kamal, Kamarulzaman, D., Ramasamy, Kadirgama, Kumaran, Sakinah, Hisham

“…Lubricants are derived from biological or non-biological sources. …”
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Investigation of Waste Cooking Oil as a Tribological Lubricant for Piston Skirt Application by Amirruddin, Abdul Kadir, K., Kadirgama, D., Ramasamy, M. M., Noor, M. M., Rahman

“…This paper focuses on the analysis the influence lubricant properties. Lubricant is the liquid that mostly use in industry and in daily life especially for work needed. …”
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Tribological Behaviour Improvement of Lubricant Using Copper (II) Oxide Nanoparticles as Additive by M. A., Hassan, Sakinah, Muhamad Hisham, K., Kadirgama, D., Ramasamy, M. M., Noor, M. M., Rahman

“…Tribological properties that include nanoparticles are an alternative to improve the tribological behaviour of lubricating oil, which has been investigated by many researchers for the past few decades. …”
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An experimental study on characterization and properties of nano lubricant containing Cellulose Nanocrystal (CNC) by N. W., Awang, D., Ramasamy, K., Kadirgama, Mahendran, Samykano, G., Najafi, Nor Azwadi, Che Sidik

“…Nano-lubricant is a new kind of engineering lubricant composed of nanometer-sized particle dispersed in a base lubricant. …”
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Copper (II) Oxide Nanoparticle As Friction Reduction and Anti-Wear Additive In Lubricating Oil by H. M., Asnida, Sakinah, Muhamad Hisham, M. M., Noor, K., Kadirgama, D., Ramasamy

“…Most lubricant available on the market are mineral based and synthetic. …”
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Study on friction and wear of Cellulose Nanocrystal (CNC) nanoparticle as lubricating additive in engine oil by N. W., Awang, D., Ramasamy, K., Kadirgama, Najafi, G., Nor Azwadi, Che Sidik

“…A novel Cellulose Nanocrystals (CNC) nanoparticles were proposed as green additive as green additives for improving tribological properties of lubricants. Enhanced tribological performance was measured using piston–skirt liner tribometer under variable load, speed and temperature; and varying concentrations of nanoparticles in lubricating oil. …”
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Multi-Objective Optimization of Minimum Quantity Lubrication in end Milling of Aluminum Alloy AA6061T6 by Najiha, M. S., M. M., Rahman, K., Kadirgama, M. M., Noor, D., Ramasamy

“…The purpose of this research is to optimize the process of minimum quantity lubrication (MQL) in the end milling of AA6061T6 using multi-objective genetic algorithm approach. …”
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Coefficient of friction and specific wear rate prediction model using response surface methodology for waste cooking oil blended lubricant by A. K., Amirruddin, K., Kadirgama, M., Samykano, D., Ramasamy, M. M., Rahman, M. M., Noor

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Enhancement of tribological behaviour and thermophysical properties of engine oil lubricant by Graphene/Co-Cr nanoparticle additives for preparation of stable nanolubricant by M., Sandhya, D., Ramasamy, K., Kadirgama, W. S. W., Harun, M., Samykano, A., Ameer

“…Co-Cr at 0.03wt% has provided best performance among the other nanoparticles and can be used as Nano lubricant in the future.…”
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An experimental study to evaluate the flank wear interaction with process parameters during machining of aluminium alloy under minimum quantity lubrication with TiO2 nanofluid by M. S., Najiha, M. M., Rahman, K., Kadirgama, D., Ramasamy

“…This paper presents an experimental study to evaluate the flank wear interaction with process parameters during machining of aluminium alloy under minimum quantity lubrication with TiO2 nanofluid. The cutting speed, feed rate, depth of cut, MQL flow rate and % volume fraction of nanofluid are developed for end milling experiments for aluminium alloy AA6061-T6 in order to correlate the performance measures with minimum quantity lubrication technique using uncoated tungsten carbide. …”
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Hybrid nanocellulose-copper (II) oxide as engine oil additives for tribological behavior improvement by Sakinah, Hisham, K., Kadirgama, Mohammed, Hussein A., Kumar, Amit, D., Ramasamy, Mahendran, Samykano, Rahman, Saidur

“…The wear morphologies results also show that a smoother surface was obtained after using CNC-CuO nano lubricant compared to SAE 40.…”
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Enhancement of Tribological Behaviour and Thermal Properties of Hybrid Nanocellulose/Copper (II) Oxide Nanolubricant by Sakinah, Muhammad Hisham, K., Kadirgama, D., Ramasamy, Mahendran, Samykano, R., Saidur

“…The results indicate that the hybrid CNC-CuO nanoparticles improve the tribological and thermal properties of the lubricant oil.…”
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Copper (II) oxide nanoparticles as additve in engine oil to increase the durability of piston-liner contact by Asnida, M., Sakinah, Hisham, N. W., Awang, Amirruddin, Abdul Kadir, M. M., Noor, K., Kadirgama, D., Ramasamy, G., Najafi, F., Tarlochan

“…Moisture content and viscosity values were analysed to study the physical properties of the dispersed lubricant. The wear and friction performance was evaluated using a piston skirt-liner contact tester, and the material used was aluminium 6061, which is the standard material for piston skirt. …”
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Thermal Properties of Engine Oils through the Integration of Graphene Nanoparticles: A Greener Approach for Sustainable Mechanical Systems by Kadirgama, G., Lee, Muhammad A.M.A., D., Ramasamy, Kadirgama, Kumaran, Samykano, M., Yusaf, T.

“…By and large, nano-sized particles scattered in lubricants, referred to as nano-based lubricant, are utilized in mechanical structures to lessen heat and forces of frictions. …”
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The Application of Response Surface Methodology in the Investigation of the Tribological Behavior of Palm Cooking Oil Blended in Engine Oil by Sakinah, Muhamad Hisham, Amirruddin, Abdul Kadir, K., Kadirgama, D., Ramasamy, M. M., Rahman, M. M., Noor

“…Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to examine the damage features at the worn surface under lubricant contact conditions.…”
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Graphene nanoplatelets–cellulose nanocrystals in engine oil for automotive applications by G., Kadirgama, A., Kumar, M., Sandhya, L., Samylingam, D., Ramasamy, K., Kadirgama, H. A., Mohammed, M., Samykano, R., Saidur

“…In view of this, the objective of the present work is to enhance the tribological behavior and lubricant properties using hybrid GNPs and CNCs blended with SAE 40 engine oil with various concentrations in the range 0.01–0.10%. …”
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Optimization on wear performance of anti wear additive added biolubricant by Mas Ayu, Hassan, Sakinah, Muhamad Hisham, K., Kadirgama, D., Ramasamy, M. M., Noor, M. M., Rahman

“…It was discovered that 5% addition of waste oil to the engine oil treatment and base lubricant performed belter than other oil blends.…”
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Waste Cooking Oil Blended With The Engine Oil For Reduction of Friction and Wear On Piston Skirt by Sakinah, Hisham, K., Kadirgama, D., Ramasamy, M. M., Noor, Amirruddin, Abdul Kadir, G., Najafi, M. M., Rahman

“…Based on the results of moisture content and viscosity; as the concentration of waste cooking oil increases, the viscosity of the lubricant decreases. The lowest moisture content was at the 5% volume concentration. …”
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Assessment of Alternative Methods of Preparing Internal Combustion Engine Cylinder Bore Surfaces for Frictional Improvement by K., Kadirgama, D., Ramasamy, Kong, Chung Hwa

“…It was found that the samples embossed with #480 grit sandpaper and sandblasted with #240 sieve sand samples had the more desired properties with a reduced coefficient of friction (μ) of 23% at low sliding speeds before hydrodynamic lubrication mode and 6.9% in the fully hydrodynamic lubrication region. …”
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Experimental Investigation On The Performance Of The Tio2 And Znohybrid Nanocoolant In Ethylene Glycol Mixture Towards AA6061-T6 Machining by N. S. M., Sahid, M. M., Rahman, K., Kadirgama, D., Ramasamy, M. A., Maleque, M. M., Noor

“…This paper presents an experimental investigation on the coated carbide cutting toolperformance of aluminium alloy AA6061-T6 machining through end mill processes using the minimum quantity lubrication (MQL) technique. The process parameters including the cutting speed, depth of cut and feed rate are selected. …”
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