Thomson scattering from near-solid density plasmas using soft X-ray free electron lasers by Hoell, A, Bornath, T, Cao, L, Doeppner, T, Duesterer, S, Foerster, E, Fortmann, C, Glenzer, S, Gregori, G, Laarmann, T, Meiwes-Broer, K, Przystawik, A, Radcliffe, P, Redmer, R, Reinholz, H, Roepke, G, Thiele, R, Tiggesbaeumker, J, Toleikis, S, Truong, N, Tschentscher, T, Uschmann, I, Zastrau, U

“…The plasma region of interest marks the transition from an ideal plasma to a correlated and degenerate many-particle system and is of current interest, e.g., in ICF experiments or laboratory astrophysics. Plasma diagnosis of such plasmas is a longstanding issue which is addressed here using a pump-probe scattering experiment to reveal the collective electron plasma mode (plasmon) using the high-brilliance radiation to probe the plasma. …”

Visualizing electromagnetic fields in laser-produced counter-streaming plasma experiments for collisionless shock laboratory astrophysics by Kugland, N, Ross, J, Chang, P, Drake, R, Fiksel, G, Froula, D, Glenzer, S, Gregori, G, Grosskopf, M, Huntington, C, Koenig, M, Kuramitsu, Y, Kuranz, C, Levy, M, Liang, E, Martinez, D, Meinecke, J, Miniati, F, Morita, T, Pelka, A, Plechaty, C, Presura, R, Ravasio, A, Remington, B, Reville, B

“…Collisionless shocks are often observed in fast-moving astrophysical plasmas, formed by non-classical viscosity that is believed to originate from collective electromagnetic fields driven by kinetic plasma instabilities. …”

Studying astrophysical collisionless shocks with counterstreaming plasmas from high power lasers by Park, H, Ryutov, D, Ross, J, Kugland, N, Glenzer, S, Plechaty, C, Pollaine, S, Remington, B, Spitkovsky, A, Gargate, L, Gregori, G, Bell, A, Murphy, C, Sakawa, Y, Kuramitsu, Y, Morita, T, Takabe, H, Froula, D, Fiksel, G, Miniati, F, Koenig, M, Ravasio, A, Pelka, A, Liang, E, Woolsey, N

“…Because of the low density of astrophysical plasmas, the mean free path due to Coulomb collisions is typically very large. …”