Short-term antidepressant treatment and facial processing. Functional magnetic resonance imaging study. by Norbury, R, Mackay, C, Cowen, P, Goodwin, G, Harmer, C

“…We used functional magnetic resonance imaging to investigate the effects of short-term treatment with reboxetine, a selective noradrenaline reuptake inhibitor, on emotional facial processing in healthy volunteers. …”

Cerebellar responses during anticipation of noxious stimuli in subjects recovered from depression. Functional magnetic resonance imaging study. by Smith, K, Ploghaus, A, Cowen, P, McCleery, J, Goodwin, G, Smith, S, Tracey, I, Matthews, P

“…AIMS: To test whether women recovered from depression show abnormal brain activity in functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) during a conditioning paradigm with a noxious pain stimulus. …”

Increased temporo-insular engagement in unmedicated bipolar II disorder: an exploratory resting state study using independent component analysis. by Yip, S, Mackay, C, Goodwin, G

“…OBJECTIVES: Despite numerous structural and functional magnetic resonance imaging studies, the neurobiology of bipolar disorder (BD) is still incompletely understood. …”

Risk for depression and neural responses to fearful facial expressions of emotion. by Chan, S, Norbury, R, Goodwin, G, Harmer, C

“…METHOD: We compared the neural responses of volunteers who were at high and low-risk for the development of depression (by virtue of high and low neuroticism scores; high-N group and low-N group respectively) during the presentation of fearful and happy faces using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). RESULTS: The high-N group demonstrated linear increases in response in the right fusiform gyrus and left middle temporal gyrus to expressions of increasing fear, whereas the low-N group demonstrated the opposite effect. …”

Why do antidepressants take so long to work? A cognitive neuropsychological model of antidepressant drug action. by Harmer, C, Goodwin, G, Cowen, P

“…METHOD: We examined key published findings that explored the effects of antidepressants on behavioural and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) measures of emotional processing. …”

The effects of reboxetine on emotional processing in healthy volunteers: an fMRI study. by Norbury, R, Mackay, C, Cowen, P, Goodwin, G, Harmer, C

“…The current study, therefore, used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to map brain systems activated during successful categorization and subsequent recognition of self-referent positive and negative personality characteristics in healthy volunteers following short-term (7 days) repeated administration of the selective noradrenergic reuptake inhibitor reboxetine. …”

Developing a measure of interpretation bias for depressed mood: An ambiguous scenarios test. by Berna, C, Lang, T, Goodwin, G, Holmes, E

“…Data were collected in the experimental context of a functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging scanner. Consistent with subjective bias scores, independent judges rated more sentences as negatively valenced for the high versus low dysphoric group. …”

Developing a measure of interpretation bias for depressed mood: An ambiguous scenarios test by Berna, C, Lang, T, Goodwin, G, Holmes, E

“…Data were collected in the experimental context of a functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging scanner. Consistent with subjective bias scores, independent judges rated more sentences as negatively valenced for the high versus low dysphoric group. …”

Single dose antidepressant administration modulates the neural processing of self-referent personality trait words. by Miskowiak, K, Papadatou-Pastou, M, Cowen, P, Goodwin, G, Norbury, R, Harmer, C

“…Neural responses during categorisation and recognition of self-referent personality trait words were assessed using event-related functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI). Reboxetine had no effect on neuronal response during self-referent categorisation of positive or negative personality trait words. …”

Erythropoietin improves mood and modulates the cognitive and neural processing of emotion 3 days post administration. by Miskowiak, K, Inkster, B, Selvaraj, S, Wise, R, Goodwin, G, Harmer, C

“…Neuronal responses during the processing of happy and fearful faces were investigated using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI); facial expression recognition performance was assessed after the fMRI scan. …”

Risk for depression is associated with neural biases in emotional categorisation. by Chan, S, Harmer, C, Goodwin, G, Norbury, R

“…We recruited a sample of high risk (high N) and low risk (low N) never-depressed young adults. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) was acquired during the categorisation and memory for positive and negative self-referent personality-trait words (e.g. honest, rude). …”

Lateral prefrontal cortex mediates the cognitive modification of attentional bias. by Browning, M, Holmes, E, Murphy, SE, Goodwin, G, Harmer, C

“…The behavioral effects of training were assessed using a sample of 24 healthy participants. Functional magnetic resonance imaging data were collected in a further 29 healthy volunteers using a protocol that allowed the influence of both stimuli valence and attention to be discriminated. …”

Antidepressant drug treatment modifies the neural processing of nonconscious threat cues. by Harmer, C, Mackay, C, Reid, C, Cowen, P, Goodwin, G

“…METHODS: The current study assessed the effects of 7 days administration of the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI), citalopram, on amygdala responses to masked presentations of fearful and happy facial expressions in never-depressed volunteers using blood oxygenation level-dependent (BOLD) functional magnetic resonance imaging. A double-blind, between-groups design was used with volunteers randomized to 20 mg/day citalopram versus placebo. …”

Erythropoietin modulates neural and cognitive processing of emotional information in biomarker models of antidepressant drug action in depressed patients. by Miskowiak, K, Favaron, E, Hafizi, S, Inkster, B, Goodwin, G, Cowen, P, Harmer, C

“…On day 3, we assessed neuronal responses to fearful and happy faces using functional magnetic resonance imaging and measured facial expression recognition after the scan. …”

Induction of depressed mood disrupts emotion regulation neurocircuitry and enhances pain unpleasantness. by Berna, C, Leknes, S, Holmes, E, Edwards, R, Goodwin, G, Tracey, I

“…METHODS: Using functional magnetic resonance imaging, we compared the effects of sad and neutral cognitive mood inductions on affective pain ratings, pain-specific cognitions, and central pain processing of a tonic noxious heat stimulus in 20 healthy volunteers. …”

Hypoactivation of the ventral and dorsal striatum during reward and loss anticipation in antipsychotic and mood stabilizer-naive bipolar disorder. by Yip, S, Worhunsky, P, Rogers, R, Goodwin, G

“…Twenty antipsychotic and lithium-naive individuals with BD II or BD not-otherwise specified (NOS) and 20 matched healthy comparison individuals participated in functional magnetic resonance imaging during the performance of a monetary incentive delay task. …”

Antidepressant drug treatment modifies the neural processing of nonconscious threat cues by Harmer, C, Mackay, C, Reid, C, Cowen, P, Goodwin, G

“…<strong>Methods</strong>: The current study assessed the effects of 7 days administration of the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI), citalopram, on amygdala responses to masked presentations of fearful and happy facial expressions in never-depressed volunteers using blood oxygenation level-dependent (BOLD) functional magnetic resonance imaging. A double-blind, between-groups design was used with volunteers randomized to 20 mg/day citalopram versus placebo. …”

Differential effects of erythropoietin on neural and cognitive measures of executive function 3 and 7 days post-administration. by Miskowiak, K, Inkster, B, O'Sullivan, U, Selvaraj, S, Goodwin, G, Harmer, C

“…We therefore assessed the actions of single administration of Epo (40,000 IU) vs. saline to healthy volunteers on cognitive and neural measures of executive function using a verbal fluency task and N-back working memory (WM) paradigm during functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) on day 3 and 7 after administration in two separate cohorts of subjects. …”

Induction of depressed mood disrupts emotion regulation neurocircuitry and enhances pain unpleasantness by Berna, C, Leknes, S, Holmes, E, Edwards, R, Goodwin, G, Tracey, I

“…</p><p>Methods: Using functional magnetic resonance imaging, we compared the effects of sad and neural cognitive mood inductions on affective pain ratings, pain-specific cognitions, and central pain processing of a tonic noxious heat stimulus in 20 healthy volunteers.…”

Bipolar comorbidity, neurobiology and clinical presentation by Goodwin, G

“…To determine the neurobiology, we measured amygdala responses to subliminal presentation of fearful and happy facial expressions with functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and startle responses while viewing images differently valenced for emotional content in unmedicated, remitted patients with a history of bipolar and unipolar disorder. …”