Persistence of stratospheric ozone layers in the troposphere by Bithell, M, Vaughan, G, Gray, L

“…On 20th March 1994 at 12Z two dry layers with high ozone mixing ratio were encountered in the free troposphere by an ozonesonde ascent at Aberystwyth (52.4°N, 4.1°W). …”

Can stratospheric temperature trends be attributed to ozone depletion? by Hare, S, Gray, L, Lahoz, W, O'Neill, A, Steenman-Clark, L

“…The effect on stratospheric temperature of changing ozone is investigated by comparing two 5-member ensembles of 20-year Unified Model transient runs, one with a linear trend in ozone and one without. …”

Stratospheric temperature trends: impact of ozone variability and the QBO by Dall'Amico, M, Gray, L, Rosenlof, K, Scaife, A, Shine, K, Stott, P

“…In the first set of simulations, the usual zonal mean ozone climatology with superimposed trends is replaced with a time series of observed zonal mean ozone distributions that includes interannual variability associated with the solar cycle, QBO and volcanic eruptions. …”

Skillful Seasonal Prediction of the Southern Annular Mode and Antarctic Ozone by Seviour, W, Hardiman, S, Gray, L, Butchart, N, MacLachlan, C, Scaife, A

“…Because of the observed strong correlation between interannual variability in the strength of the Antarctic stratospheric circulation and ozone concentrations, it is possible to make skillful predictions of Antarctic column ozone amounts. …”

Influence of ozone recovery and greenhouse gas increases on Southern Hemisphere circulation by Karpechko, A, Gillett, N, Gray, L, Dall'Amico, M

“…It is therefore expected that ozone changes will continue to influence climate during the 21st century when ozone recovery is expected. …”

Coupled chemistry climate model simulations of the solar cycle in ozone and temperature by Austin, J, Tourpali, K, Rozanov, E, Akiyoshi, H, Bekki, S, Bodeker, G, Bruehl, C, Butchart, N, Chipperfield, M, Deushi, M, Fomichev, V, Giorgetta, M, Gray, L, Kodera, K, Lott, F, Manzini, E, Marsh, D, Matthes, K, Nagashima, T, Shibata, K, Stolarski, R, Struthers, H, Tian, W

“…The 11-year solar cycles in ozone and temperature are examined using new simulations of coupled chemistry climate models. …”

A stratospheric prognostic ozone for seamless Earth System Models: performance, impacts and future by Monge-Sanz, B, Bozzo, A, Byrne, N, Chipperfield, M, Diamantakis, M, Flemming, J, Gray, L, Hogan, R, Jones, L, Magnusson, L, Politchtchouk, I, Shepherd, T, Wedi, N, Weisheimer, A

“…We have implemented a new stratospheric ozone model in the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) system and tested its performance for different timescales to assess the impact of stratospheric ozone on meteorological fields. …”

Stratospheric Temperature and Radiative Forcing Response to 11-Year Solar Cycle Changes in Irradiance and Ozone by Gray, L, Rumbold, S, Shine, K

“…Imposed ozone changes are from satellite observations, in contrast to some earlier studies. …”

Sensitivity of GCM tropical middle atmosphere variability and climate to ozone and parameterized gravity wave changes by Bushell, A, Jackson, DR, Butchart, N, Hardiman, S, Hinton, T, Osprey, S, Gray, L

“…The aim is to help distinguish between QBO changes in chemistry climate models that result from temperature-ozone feedbacks and those that might be forced by differences in climatology between previously fixed and newly interactive ozone distributions. …”

Quasi-biennial oscillation and tracer distributions in a coupled chemistry-climate model by Tian, W, Chipperfield, M, Gray, L, Zawodny, J

“…The model ozone QBO agrees well with Stratospheric Aerosol and Gas Experiment II and Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer satellite observations in terms of vertical and latitudinal structure. …”

Solar forcing of climate: model results by Palmer, M, Gray, L, Allen, M, Norton, W

“…Results show that in the annual mean, the temperature response of the model is enhanced by the inclusion of the ozone changes, by approximately 15-20%. We compare results from our TSI and ozone experiment to those of Shindell et al. …”

Influence of the prescribed solar spectrum on calculations of atmospheric temperature by Zhong, W, Osprey, S, Gray, L, Haigh, J

“…Compared with a spectrum of recent satellite data an older theoretical spectrum gives 20-40% more heating in the ozone Hartley band, important in the upper stratosphere. …”

Impact of stratospheric variability on tropospheric climate change by Dall'Amico, M, Stott, P, Scaife, A, Gray, L, Rosenlof, K, Karpechko, A

“…An improved stratospheric ozone dataset is employed that includes natural variations in ozone as well as the usual anthropogenic trends. …”

On the design of practicable numerical experiments to investigate stratospheric temperature change by Hare, S, Gray, L, Lahoz, W, O'Neill, A

“…The results suggest that while computer resources preclude multi-member ensemble experiments with coupled chemistry models to achieve statistical significance, robust results can be achieved for some atmospheric parameters by running ensemble experiments with imposed ozone changes. Copyright © 2005 Royal Meteorological Society.…”

Stratospheric equatorial dynamics by Gray, L

“…The impacts of theQBOon both the extratropics and the troposphere are covered and also the impact on tracer transport and distributions of ozone and other chemical species. Finally, observations and theory of the interaction of the QBO with the solar cycle are reviewed. © 2010 by the American Geophysical Union.…”

Solar influences on climate over the Atlantic / European sector by Gray, L, Ball, W, Misios, S

“…In this paper the observed solar cycle signal at the Earth’s surface is described, together with proposed mechanisms that involve modulation via the total incoming solar irradiance and via modulation of the ultra-violet part of the solar spectrum that influences ozone production in the stratosphere.…”

Solar influences on climate by Gray, L, Beer, J, Geller, M, Haigh, J, Lockwood, M, Matthes, K, Cubasch, U, Fleitmann, D, Harrison, G, Hood, L, Luterbacher, J, Meehl, G, Shindell, D, Van Geel, B, White, W

“…Corresponding observations of variations of the Earth's climate on associated time scales are described, including variations in ozone, temperatures, winds, clouds, precipitation, and regional modes of variability such as the monsoons and the North Atlantic Oscillation. …”

Revisiting the controversial issue of tropical tropospheric temperature trends by Mitchell, D, Thorne, P, Stott, P, Gray, L

“…Other than model resolution, it is hypothesized that this remaining discrepancy could be due to a poor representation of stratospheric ozone or remaining observational uncertainty. © 2013 American Geophysical Union. …”

Impacts, processes and projections of the quasi-biennial oscillation by Anstey, J, Osprey, SM, Alexander, J, Baldwin, M, Butchart, N, Gray, L, Kawatani, Y, Newman, P, Richter, J

“…The QBO affects climate phenomena outside the tropical stratosphere, including ozone transport, the North Atlantic Oscillation and the Madden–Julian Oscillation, and its high predictability could enable better forecasts of these phenomena if models can accurately represent the coupling processes. …”

The HadGEM2-ES implementation of CMIP5 centennial simulations by Jones, C, Hughes, J, Bellouin, N, Hardiman, S, Jones, G, Knight, J, Liddicoat, S, O'Connor, F, Andres, R, Bell, C, Boo, K, Bozzo, A, Butchart, N, Cadule, P, Corbin, K, Doutriaux-Boucher, M, Friedlingstein, P, Gornall, J, Gray, L, Halloran, P, Hurtt, G, Ingram, W, Lamarque, J, Law, R, Meinshausen, M

“…We document theprescribed greenhouse gas concentrations, aerosol precursors, stratosphericand tropospheric ozone assumptions, as well as implementation of land-usechange and natural forcings for the HadGEM2-ES historical and futureexperiments following the Representative Concentration Pathways. …”