Counterfeit anti-infective drugs. by Newton, P, Green, MD, Fernández, F, Day, N, White, N

“…Counterfeit drugs particularly affect the most disadvantaged people in poor countries. …”

Counterfeit artemisinin derivatives and Africa: update from authors. by Newton, P, Green, MD, Fernandez, F

Prevalence and detection of counterfeit pharmaceuticals: A mini review by Fernandez, F, Green, MD, Newton, P

Detecting counterfeit antimalarial tablets by near-infrared spectroscopy. by Dowell, F, Maghirang, E, Fernandez, F, Newton, P, Green, MD

“…Counterfeit antimalarial drugs are found in many developing countries, but it is challenging to differentiate between genuine and fakes due to their increasing sophistication. …”

Prevalence and detection of counterfeit pharmaceuticals: A mini review by Fernandez, F, Green, MD, Newton, P

“…Counterfeit drugs are a widespread, important public health problem. …”

Characterization of counterfeit artesunate antimalarial tablets from southeast Asia. by Hall, K, Newton, P, Green, MD, De Veij, M, Vandenabeele, P, Pizzanelli, D, Mayxay, M, Dondorp, A, Fernandez, F

“…In southeast Asia, the widespread high prevalence of counterfeits tablets of the vital antimalarial artesunate is of great public health concern. …”

Fast detection and identification of counterfeit antimalarial tablets by Raman spectroscopy by de Veij, M, Vandenabeele, P, Hall, K, Fernandez, F, Green, MD, White, N, Dondorp, A, Newton, P, Moens, L

“…During the last decade there has been an apparent increase in the prevalence of counterfeit medicines in developing as well as developed countries. …”

Evaluation of a new handheld instrument for the detection of counterfeit artesunate by visual fluorescence comparison. by Ranieri, N, Tabernero, P, Green, MD, Verbois, L, Herrington, J, Sampson, E, Satzger, R, Phonlavong, C, Thao, K, Newton, P, Witkowski, MR

“…A blinded evaluation of the diagnostic accuracy of the Counterfeit Detection Device 3 (CD-3), developed by the US Food and Drug Administration Forensic Chemistry Center, was conducted in the Lao People's Democratic Republic. …”

Characterization of solid counterfeit drug samples by desorption electrospray ionization and direct-analysis-in-real-time coupled to time-of-flight mass spectrometry. by Fernández, F, Cody, R, Green, MD, Hampton, C, Mcgready, R, Sengaloundeth, S, White, N, Newton, P

“…This is important for identifying counterfeit drugs (fake hologram shown). © 2006 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH and Co. …”

Reactive desorption electrospray ionization linear ion trap mass spectrometry of latest-generation counterfeit antimalarials via noncovalent complex formation. by Nyadong, L, Green, MD, De Jesus, V, Newton, P, Fernández, F

“…Not only did we find that these samples were counterfeits, but we also detected the presence of several wrong active ingredients. …”

Poor quality vital anti-malarials in Africa - an urgent neglected public health priority. by Newton, P, Green, MD, Mildenhall, D, Plançon, A, Nettey, H, Nyadong, L, Hostetler, D, Swamidoss, I, Harris, G, Powell, K, Timmermans, A, Amin, A, Opuni, S, Barbereau, S, Faurant, C, Soong, R, Faure, K, Thevanayagam, J, Fernandes, P, Kaur, H, Angus, B, Stepniewska, K, Guerin, P, Fernández, F

“…Packaging, chemical composition (high performance liquid chromatography, direct ionization mass spectrometry, X-ray diffractometry, stable isotope analysis) and botanical investigations were performed. RESULTS: Counterfeit artesunate containing chloroquine, counterfeit dihydroartemisinin (DHA) containing paracetamol (acetaminophen), counterfeit DHA-piperaquine containing sildenafil, counterfeit artemether-lumefantrine containing pyrimethamine, counterfeit halofantrine containing artemisinin, and substandard/counterfeit or degraded artesunate and artesunate+amodiaquine in eight countries are described. …”

A collaborative epidemiological investigation into the criminal fake artesunate trade in South East Asia. by Newton, P, Fernández, F, Plançon, A, Mildenhall, D, Green, MD, Ziyong, L, Christophel, E, Phanouvong, S, Howells, S, McIntosh, E, Laurin, P, Blum, N, Hampton, C, Faure, K, Nyadong, L, Soong, C, Santoso, B, Zhiguang, W, Newton, J, Palmer, K

“…A total of 391 samples of genuine and counterfeit artesunate collected in Vietnam (75), Cambodia (48), Lao PDR (115), Myanmar (Burma) (137) and the Thai/Myanmar border (16), were available for analysis. …”

A collaborative epidemiological investigation into the criminal fake artesunate trade in South East Asia by Newton, P, Fernández, F, Plançon, A, Mildenhal, D, Green, MD, Ziyong, L, Christophel, E, Phanouvong, S, Howells, S, McIntosh, E, Laurin, P, Blum, N, Hampton, C, Faure, K, Nyadong, L, Soong, C, Santoso, B, Zhiguang, W, Newton, J, Palmer, K

“…A total of 391 samples of genuine and counterfeit artesunate collected in Vietnam (75), Cambodia (48), Lao PDR (115), Myanmar (Burma) (137) and the Thai/Myanmar border (16), were available for analysis. …”

Fake antimalarials in Southeast Asia are a major impediment to malaria control: multinational cross-sectional survey on the prevalence of fake antimalarials. by Dondorp, A, Newton, P, Mayxay, M, Van Damme, W, Smithuis, F, Yeung, S, Petit, A, Lynam, A, Johnson, A, Hien, T, Mcgready, R, Farrar, J, Looareesuwan, S, Day, N, Green, MD, White, N

“…OBJECTIVE: To assess the prevalence of counterfeit antimalarial drugs in Southeast (SE) Asia. …”

A stratified random survey of the proportion of poor quality oral artesunate sold at medicine outlets in the Lao PDR - implications for therapeutic failure and drug resistance. by Sengaloundeth, S, Green, MD, Fernández, F, Manolin, O, Phommavong, K, Insixiengmay, V, Hampton, C, Nyadong, L, Mildenhall, D, Hostetler, D, Khounsaknalath, L, Vongsack, L, Phompida, S, Vanisaveth, V, Syhakhang, L, Newton, P

“… BACKGROUND: Counterfeit oral artesunate has been a major public health problem in mainland SE Asia, impeding malaria control. …”

A colorimetric field method to assess the authenticity of drugs sold as the antimalarial artesunate. by Green, MD, Mount, D, Wirtz, R, White, N

“…The recent and widespread appearance of counterfeit artesunate tablets in several countries in Southeast Asia poses a serious threat to health in this region. …”

Impact of poor-quality medicines in the 'developing' world. by Newton, P, Green, MD, Fernández, F

“…Since our ancestors began trading several millennia ago, counterfeit and substandard medicines have been a recurring problem, with history punctuated by crises in the supply of anti-microbials, such as fake cinchona bark in the 1600s and fake quinine in the 1800s. …”

Poor quality drugs: grand challenges in high throughput detection, countrywide sampling, and forensics in developing countries. by Fernandez, F, Hostetler, D, Powell, K, Kaur, H, Green, MD, Mildenhall, D, Newton, P

“…Here we discuss some of the challenges related to the fight against poor quality drugs, and counterfeits in particular, with an emphasis on the analytical tools available, their relative performance, and the necessary workflows needed for distinguishing between genuine, substandard, degraded and counterfeit medicines.…”

Ambient mass spectrometry technologies for the detection of falsified drugs by Culzoni, M, Dwivedi, P, Green, MD, Newton, P, Fernandez, F

“…Poor-quality medicines include spurious/falsely-labeled/falsified/counterfeit drugs (those that are deliberately and fraudulently mislabeled with respect to content and/or origin), substandard drugs (legitimate drugs that do not meet their quality specifications), and degraded medicines (good quality pharmaceuticals that suffered from deterioration caused by improper storage or distribution). …”

Use of refractometry and colorimetry as field methods to rapidly assess antimalarial drug quality. by Green, MD, Nettey, H, Villalva Rojas, O, Pamanivong, C, Khounsaknalath, L, Grande Ortiz, M, Newton, P, Fernández, F, Vongsack, L, Manolin, O

“…The proliferation of counterfeit and poor-quality drugs is a major public health problem; especially in developing countries lacking adequate resources to effectively monitor their prevalence. …”