When pigeons home alone: Does flocking have a navigational function? by Guilford, T, Chappell, J

Group decisions and individual differences: route fidelity predicts flight leadership in homing pigeons (Columba livia). by Freeman, R, Mann, R, Guilford, T, Biro, D

“…Birds that are more faithful to their own route when homing alone are more likely to emerge as leaders when homing socially. …”