LYVE-1 immunohistochemical assessment of lymphangiogenesis in endometrial and lung cancer. by Koukourakis, M, Giatromanolaki, A, Sivridis, E, Simopoulos, C, Gatter, K, Harris, A, Jackson, D

“…CONCLUSIONS: Although lymphangiogenesis may occur at the invading tumour front, incorporated lymphatics do not survive. …”

Angiogenesis as a biomarker and target in cancer chemoprevention. by Sharma, R, Harris, A, Dalgleish, A, Steward, W, O'Byrne, K

“…Angiogenesis, the formation of new blood vessels from existing vasculature, is essential to the late stages of carcinogenesis, allowing tumours to grow beyond 1-2 mm in diameter, invade surrounding tissue, and metastasise. However, more than two decades ago, angiogenesis that preceded neoplastic transformation was seen. …”

Intratumoral lymphangiogenesis and lymph node metastasis in head and neck cancer. by Beasley, N, Prevo, R, Banerji, S, Leek, R, Moore, J, van Trappen, P, Cox, G, Harris, A, Jackson, D

“…Although it is clear that dissemination via the blood system involves hemangiogenesis, it is uncertain whether tumors also induce lymphangiogenesis or simply invade existing peritumoral vessels. To address the issue we quantitated tumor lymph vessels in archival specimens of head and neck cancer by immunostaining for the recently described lymphatic endothelial marker LYVE-1, the vascular endothelial marker CD34, and the pKi67 proliferation marker, correlating lymph vessel density and proliferation index with clinical and pathological variables. …”

Role of thymidine phosphorylase in an in vitro model of human bladder cancer invasion. by Jones, A, Fujiyama, C, Turner, K, Cranston, D, Williams, K, Stratford, I, Bicknell, R, Harris, A

“…RESULTS: RT112-TP high thymidine phosphorylase expressing cells invaded into the stroma of the in vitro model but wild-type RT112 and RT112-EV cells did not. …”

Human bladder cancer invasion model using rat bladder in vitro and its use to test mechanisms and therapeutic inhibitors of invasion. by Fujiyama, C, Jones, A, Fuggle, S, Bicknell, R, Cranston, D, Harris, A

“…The better differentiated cell lines RT4 and RT112 reproducibly grew as stratified epithelium, whereas poorly differentiated EJ28 cells invaded across a broad front. Invasion was not simply related to proliferation rate, measured either as doubling time on plastic (non-invasive 253J and invasive EJ28 having the same doubling time) or by Ki-67 proliferation index within the model. …”

Angiogenic co-operation of VEGF and stromal cell TP in endometrial carcinomas. by Sivridis, E, Giatromanolaki, A, Anastasiadis, P, Georgiou, L, Gatter, K, Harris, A, Bicknell, R, Koukourakis, M

“…In all cases, enzymatic detection was particularly evident at the invading tumour front. At this site, TPsc, but not VEGF, expression was associated with non-endometrioid-type carcinomas, high tumour grade, deep myometrial invasion, and advanced stage. …”

Absence of lymphangiogenesis and intratumoural lymph vessels in human metastatic breast cancer. by Williams, C, Leek, R, Robson, A, Banerji, S, Prevo, R, Harris, A, Jackson, D

“…These results suggest that naturally occurring breast carcinomas invade and destroy lymph vessels rather than promoting their proliferation; that breast tumour lymphangiogenesis may not always occur at physiological VEGF-C levels; and that nodal metastasis can proceed via pre-existing lymphatics.…”

Activated VEGFR2/KDR pathway in tumour cells and tumour associated vessels of colorectal cancer. by Giatromanolaki, A, Koukourakis, M, Sivridis, E, Chlouverakis, G, Vourvouhaki, E, Turley, H, Harris, A, Gatter, K

“…RESULTS: pVEGFR2/KDR was weakly expressed in the normal colon, but it was expressed strongly in the cytoplasm and nuclei of cancer cells and in the tumour associated vasculature, mainly at the invading tumour edge. pVEGFR2/KDR expression in cancer cells was significantly associated with a tumour diameter > 6 cm (P = 0.04), poor histological differentiation (P = 0.004) and with high CEF1alpha expression (P = 0.05). …”

Role of matrix metalloproteinase 9 in pituitary tumor behavior. by Turner, H, Nagy, Z, Esiri, M, Harris, A, Wass, J

“…The vast majority of pituitary tumors are benign and do not metastasize to distant sites, although they may invade locally. The aim of this study was to determine whether expression of the collagenase MMP-9 may play a role in allowing angiogenesis and invasion by different pituitary tumor types. …”