The peopling of Europe and the cautionary tale of Y chromosome lineage R-M269 by Busby, G, Brisighelli, F, Sánchez-Diz, P, Ramos-Luis, E, Martinez-Cadenas, C, Thomas, MG, Bradley, D, Gusmão, L, Winney, B, Bodmer, W, Vennemann, M, Coia, V, Scarnicci, F, Tofanelli, S, Vona, G, Ploski, R, Vecchiotti, C, Zemunik, T, Rudan, I, Karachanak, S, Toncheva, D, Anagnostou, P, Ferri, G, Rapone, C, Hervig, T

“…Recently, the debate on the origins of the major European Y chromosome haplogroup R1b1b2-M269 has reignited, and opinion has moved away from Palaeolithic origins to the notion of a younger Neolithic spread of these chromosomes from the Near East. …”

The peopling of Europe and the cautionary tale of Y chromosome lineage R-M269. by Busby, G, Brisighelli, F, Sánchez-Diz, P, Ramos-Luis, E, Martinez-Cadenas, C, Thomas, MG, Bradley, D, Gusmão, L, Winney, B, Bodmer, W, Vennemann, M, Coia, V, Scarnicci, F, Tofanelli, S, Vona, G, Ploski, R, Vecchiotti, C, Zemunik, T, Rudan, I, Karachanak, S, Toncheva, D, Anagnostou, P, Ferri, G, Rapone, C, Hervig, T

“…Recently, the debate on the origins of the major European Y chromosome haplogroup R1b1b2-M269 has reignited, and opinion has moved away from Palaeolithic origins to the notion of a younger Neolithic spread of these chromosomes from the Near East. …”

A Y chromosome census of the British Isles. by Capelli, C, Redhead, N, Abernethy, J, Gratrix, F, Wilson, J, Moen, T, Hervig, T, Richards, M, Stumpf, M, Underhill, P, Bradshaw, P, Shaha, A, Thomas, MG, Bradman, N, Goldstein, D

“…For example, Wilson et al. used the similarity of Basque and Celtic Y chromosomes to argue for genetic continuity from the Upper Palaeolithic to the present in the paternal history of these populations (see also ). …”

Ancient human genomes suggest three ancestral populations for present-day Europeans by Lazaridis, I, Patterson, N, Mittnik, A, Renaud, G, Mallick, S, Kirsanow, K, Sudmant, P, Schraiber, J, Castellano, S, Lipson, M, Berger, B, Economou, C, Bollongino, R, Fu, Q, Bos, K, Nordenfelt, S, Li, H, de Filippo, C, Prüfer, K, Sawyer, S, Posth, C, Haak, W, Hallgren, F, Fornander, E, Rohland, N, Delsate, D, Francken, M, Guinet, J, Wahl, J, Ayodo, G, Babiker, H, Bailliet, G, Balanovska, E, Balanovsky, O, Barrantes, R, Bedoya, G, Ben-Ami, H, Bene, J, Berrada, F, Bravi, C, Brisighelli, F, Busby, G, Cali, F, Churnosov, M, Cole, D, Corach, D, Damba, L, van Driem, G, Dryomov, S, Dugoujon, J, Fedorova, S, Gallego Romero, I, Gubina, M, Hammer, M, Henn, B, Hervig, T, Hodoglugil, U, Jha, A, Karachanak-Yankova, S, Khusainova, R, Khusnutdinova, E, Kittles, R, Kivisild, T, Klitz, W, Kučinskas, V, Kushniarevich, A, Laredj, L, Litvinov, S, Loukidis, T, Mahley, R, Melegh, B, Metspalu, E, Molina, J, Mountain, J, Näkkäläjärvi, K, Nesheva, D, Nyambo, T, Osipova, L, Parik, J, Platonov, F, Posukh, O, Romano, V, Rothhammer, F, Rudan, I, Ruizbakiev, R, Sahakyan, H, Sajantila, A, Salas, A, Starikovskaya, E, Tarekegn, A, Toncheva, D, Turdikulova, S, Uktveryte, I, Utevska, O, Vasquez, R, Villena, M, Voevoda, M, Winkler, C, Yepiskoposyan, L, Zalloua, P, Zemunik, T, Cooper, A, Capelli, C, Thomas, M, Ruiz-Linares, A, Tishkoff, S, Singh, L, Thangaraj, K, Villems, R, Comas, D, Sukernik, R, Metspalu, M, Meyer, M, Eichler, E, Burger, J, Slatkin, M, Pääbo, S, Kelso, J, Reich, D, Krause, J

“…We analysed these and other ancient genomes with 2,345 contemporary humans to show that most present-day Europeans derive from at least three highly differentiated populations: west European hunter-gatherers, who contributed ancestry to all Europeans but not to Near Easterners; ancient north Eurasians related to Upper Palaeolithic Siberians, who contributed to both Europeans and Near Easterners; and early European farmers, who were mainly of Near Eastern origin but also harboured west European hunter-gatherer related ancestry. …”