Three-dimensional spatial cognition: freely swimming fish accurately learn and remember metric information in a volume by Holbrook, R, de Perera, T

“…All animals live and move through three-dimensional environments, yet we do not understand how three-dimensional space is learned, remembered and used. Pelagic fish are ideal model organisms for studying three-dimensional spatial cognition as they move freely through volumes with six degrees of freedom. …”

Three-dimensional spatial cognition in a benthic fish, Corydoras aeneus. by Davis, V, Holbrook, R, Schumacher, S, Guilford, T, de Perera, T

“…The way animals move through space is likely to affect the way they learn and remember spatial information. For example, a pelagic fish, Astyanax fasciatus, moves freely in vertical and horizontal space and encodes information from both dimensions with similar accuracy. …”

Separate encoding of vertical and horizontal components of space during orientation in fish by Holbrook, R, de Perera, T

“…Using a novel assay based on associative learning of the vertical (up/down) and horizontal (left/right) components of a rotating Y-maze, we found that banded tetras learned and remembered information from the vertical and horizontal components when they were presented either separately or as an integrated three-dimensional unit. …”

Separate encoding of vertical and horizontal components of space during orientation in fish by Holbrook, R, de Perera, T

“…Using a novel assay based on associative learning of the vertical (up/down) and horizontal (left/right) components of a rotating Y-maze, we found that banded tetras learned and remembered information from the vertical and horizontal components when they were presented either separately or as an integrated three-dimensional unit. …”

Three-dimensional spatial representation in freely swimming fish. by De Perera, T, Holbrook, R

“…Using an assay based on associative learning of the vertical and horizontal components of space within a rotating Y-maze, we found that fish (Astyanax fasciatus) learned and remembered information from both horizontal and vertical axes when they were presented either separately or as an integrated three-dimensional unit. …”