Algorithms, bots, and political communication in the US 2016 election: The challenge of automated political communication for election law and administration by Howard, P, Woolley, S, Calo, R

“…Political communication is the process of putting information, technology, and media in the service of power. …”

Political communication, computational propaganda, and autonomous agents - Introduction by Howard, P, Woolley, S

“…So to understand contemporary political communication—and modern communication broadly—we must now investigate the politics of algorithms and automation.…”

Digitizing the social contract: producing American political culture in the age of new media by Howard, P

“…However, there are important differences between political communication through new media and political communication through traditional media. …”

Sourcing and automation of political news and information during three European elections by Neudert, L-M, Howard, P, Kollanyi, B

“…How does the sourcing of political news and information define contemporary political communication in different countries in Europe? …”

Social media, civic engagement, and the slacktivism hypothesis: lessons from Mexico’s “El Bronco” by Howard, P, Savage, S, Flores-Saviaga, C, Toxtli, C, Monroy-Hernández, A

“…We analyze how rhythms of political communication between the candidate and users evolved over time and demonstrate that social media can be used to sustain a large quantity of civic exchanges about public life well beyond a particular political event.…”

Chinese computational propaganda: automation, algorithms and the manipulation of information about Chinese politics on Twitter and Weibo by Bolsover, G, Howard, P

“…Our understanding of public conversation on Twitter in Mandarin is extremely limited and, thus, this paper advances the understanding of political communication on social media.…”

Troops, Trolls and Troublemakers: A Global Inventory of Organized Social Media Manipulation by Bradshaw, S, Howard, P

“…The earliest reports of government involvement in nudging public opinion involve democracies, and new innovations in political communication technologies often come from political parties and arise during high-profile elections.…”