Civilizational Populism in Indonesia: The Case of Front Pembela Islam (FPI) by Ihsan Yilmaz, Nicholas Morieson, Hasnan Bachtiar

“…As a result of the growing power of the group, the FPI was banned in 2020 and Rizieq was imprisoned, while Ahok was politically rehabilitated by the Widodo government. Although the FPI’s banning is considered the most effective nonpermanent solution for the state, there is evidence that the FPI’s discourse has been adopted by mainstream political actors. …”
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