Urban-rural differences in diabetes in China: Reply by Bragg, F, Li, L, Chen, Z

Urban-Rural Differences in Diabetes-Associated Mortality in China-Reply. by Bragg, F, Li, L, Chen, Z

Association between diabetes and cause-specific mortality in rural and urban China by Bragg, F, Holmes, M, Iona, A, Guo, Y, Du, H, Chen, Y, Bian, Z, Yang, L, Herrington, W, Bennett, D, Turnbull, I, Liu, Y, Feng, S, Chen, J, Clarke, R, Collins, R, Peto, R, Li, L, Chen, Z

“…Although diabetes was more common in urban areas, it was associated with greater excess mortality in rural areas.…”

Association of solid fuel use with risk of cardiovascular and all-cause mortality in rural China by Yu, K, Qiu, G, Chan, K-H, Lam, K-BH, Kurmi, OP, Bennett, DA, Yu, C, Pan, A, Lv, J, Guo, Y, Bian, Z, Yang, L, Chen, Y, Hu, FB, Chen, Z, Li, L, Wu, T

“…Design, Setting, and Participants This nationwide prospective cohort study recruited participants from 5 rural areas across China between June 2004 and July 2008; mortality follow-up was until January 1, 2014. …”

Season and outdoor temperature in relation to detection and control of hypertension in a large rural Chinese population. by Su, D, Du, H, Zhang, X, Qian, Y, Chen, L, Chen, Y, Guo, Y, Bian, Z, Chen, Z, Li, L, Yu, M

“…METHODS: We analysed cross-sectional data of 57 375 (42% men) participants aged 30-79 (mean 52.3) years who were enrolled during 2004-08, as part of the China Kadoorie Biobank, from a rural county in the south-east costal Zhejiang Province. …”

Characterising personal, household, and community PM2.5 exposure in one urban and two rural communities in China by Chan, KH, Xia, X, Liu, C, Kan, H, Doherty, A, Yim, SHL, Wright, N, Kartsonaki, C, Yang, X, Stevens, R, Chang, X, Sun, D, Yu, C, Lv, J, Li, L, Ho, K-F, Lam, KBH, Chen, Z

“…</p> <p><strong>Methods:</strong> We undertook parallel measurements of personal, household (kitchen and living room), and community PM_2.5 in summer (May-September 2017) and winter (November 2017-Janauary 2018) in ∼480 participants from one urban and two rural communities in China. These recorded ∼61,000-81,000 person-hours of processed data per microenvironment. …”

Characterising personal, household, and community PM2.5 exposure in one urban and two rural communities in China by Chan, KH, Xia, X, Liu, C, Kan, H, Doherty, A, Yim, SHL, Wright, N, Kartsonaki, C, Yang, X, Stevens, R, Chang, X, Sun, D, Yu, C, Lv, J, Li, L, Ho, K-F, Lam, KBH, Chen, Z

“…<br><strong> Methods<br></strong> We undertook parallel measurements of personal, household (kitchen and living room), and community PM2.5 in summer (May–September 2017) and winter (November 2017-Janauary 2018) in 477 participants from one urban and two rural communities in China. After stringent data cleaning, there were 67,326–80,980 person-hours (ntotal = 441; nsummer = 384; nwinter = 364; 307 had repeated PM2.5 data in both seasons) of processed data per microenvironment. …”

Temporal trends of main reproductive characteristics in ten urban and rural regions of China: the China Kadoorie Biobank study of 300 000 women. by Lewington, S, Li, L, Murugasen, S, Hong, L, Yang, L, Guo, Y, Bian, Z, Collins, R, Chen, J, He, H, Wu, M, He, T, Ren, X, Meng, J, Peto, R, Chen, Z

“…Breastfeeding declined after 1950 in urban and, after 1980, in rural women; and 68% of urban and 48% of rural women experienced a terminated pregnancy. …”

Patterns and management of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in urban and rural China: a community-based survey of 25,000 adults across 10 regions by Kurmi, O, Davis, K, Lam, K, Guo, Y, Vaucher, J, Bennett, D, Wang, J, Bian, Z, Du, H, Li, L, Clarke, R, Chen, Z

Use of drug treatment for secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease in urban and rural communities of China: China Kadoorie Biobank Study of 0.5 million people. by Chen, Y, Li, L, Zhang, Q, Clarke, R, Chen, J, Guo, Y, Bian, Z, Pan, X, Peto, R, Tao, R, Shi, K, Collins, R, Ma, L, Sun, H, Chen, Z

“…METHODS AND RESULTS: We analysed cross-sectional data from the China Kadoorie Biobank (CKB) of 512,891 adults aged 30-79 years recruited from 1737 rural and urban communities in China. Information about doctor-diagnosed ischaemic heart disease (IHD) and stroke, and the use of medication for the secondary prevention of CVD events, were recorded by interview. …”

Impacts of solid fuel use versus smoking on life expectancy at age 30 years in the rural and urban Chinese population: a prospective cohort study by Sun, Q, Sun, D, Yu, C, Guo, Y, Sun, D, Pei, P, Yang, L, Chen, Y, Du, H, Schmidt, D, Stevens, R, Kang, K, Chen, J, Chen, Z, Li, L, Lv, J

“…We aimed to evaluate the potential impact of household solid fuel use on LE in the rural and urban Chinese population, with the effect of smoking as a reference.…”

Use of drug treatment for secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease in urban and rural communities of China: China Kadoorie Biobank Study of 0.5 million people by Chen, Y, Li, L, Zhang, Q, Clarke, R, Chen, J, Guo, Y, Bian, Z, Pan, X, Peto, R, Tao, R, Shi, K, Collins, R, Ma, L, Sun, H, Chen, Z, Study, CKB

“…Methods and results We analysed cross-sectional data from the China Kadoorie Biobank (CKB) of 512,891 adults aged 30-79 years recruited from 1737 rural and urban communities in China. Information about doctor-diagnosed ischaemic heart disease (IHD) and stroke, and the use of medication for the secondary prevention of CVD events, were recorded by interview. …”

The association between sleep duration, snoring and prevalent type 2 diabetes mellitus with regard to gender and menopausal status: the CKB study in Zhejiang rural area, China by Wu, H, Wang, H, Hu, R, Zhong, J, Qian, Y, Wang, C, Xie, K, Chen, L, Gong, W, Guo, Y, Bian, Z, Chen, Z, Li, L, Yu, M

“…To evaluate the association between sleep duration, snoring and diabetes according to gender and menopausal status in rural China.The data were part of the baseline survey of China Kadoorie Biobank, from a rural county in the south-east costal Zhejiang province. …”

Trans-generational changes and rural-urban inequality in household fuel use and cookstove ventilation in China: a multi-region study of 0.5 million adults by Chan, K, Lam, K, Kurmi, O, Guo, Y, Bennett, D, Bian, Z, Sherliker, P, Chen, J, Li, L, Chen, Z, China Kadoorie Biobank Collaborative Group

“…The large urban-rural inequalities in solid fuel use persisted across multiple generations and also varied by socioeconomic status, especially in rural areas.…”

Cancer incidence and mortality: A cohort study in China, 2008-2013 by Pan, R, Zhu, M, Yu, C, Lv, J, Guo, Y, Bian, Z, Yang, L, Chen, Y, Hu, Z, Chen, Z, Li, L, Shen, H, China Kadoorie Biobank Collaborative Group

“…In this study, based on a national large prospective cohort-the China Kadoorie Biobank (CKB), we aimed to provide additional cancer statistics and compare the difference of cancer burden between urban and rural areas of China. A total of 497,693 cancer-free participants aged 35-74 years were recruited and successfully followed up from 2004 to 2013 in 5 urban and 5 rural areas across China. …”

Association between health insurance cost-sharing and choice of hospital tier for cardiovascular diseases in China: a prospective cohort study by Levy, M, Buckell, J, Clarke, R, Wu, N, Pei, P, Sun, D, Avery, D, Zhang, H, Lv, J, Yu, C, Li, L, Chen, Z, Yip, W, Chen, Y, Mihaylova, B

“…In rural areas, the effects of cost-sharing were modest, suggesting a greater contribution of other factors. …”

A comparison of the sources of cancer mortality in China by Yang, L, Parkin, D, Li, L, Chen, Y

“…Sex and region (urban/rural) specific age-standardized mortality rates from the CHIS dataset were, however, closer to those from the (1990–1992) national survey, than those calculated from DSP data. …”

Time trends in cancer mortality in China: 1987-1999 by Yang, L, Parkin, D, Li, L, Chen, Y

“…Between 1987 and 1999, the age-standardized mortality rates for all cancers combined declined slightly in rural areas but have increased since 1996 in urban areas. …”

Factors associated with suicide risk among Chinese adults: A prospective cohort study of 0.5 million individuals by Yu, R, Chen, Y, Li, L, Chen, J, Guo, Y, Bian, Z, Lv, J, Yu, C, Xie, X, Huang, D, Chen, Z, Fazel, S

“…High-risk groups identified were elderly men in rural settings and individuals with mental disorders. …”

Epidemiological characteristics of domestic fuel use in adults in 10 regions of China by Li, J, Wu, M, Yu, C, Lyu, J, Guo, Y, Bian, Z, Tan, Y, Pei, P, Chen, J, Chen, Z, Cao, W, Li, L

“…Results: Overall, 52.1% participants used solid fuel for cooking or heating. Rural areas had higher prevalence of solid fuel use than urban areas. …”